ISSN (Print): ISSN (Online): ISSN (Print): 2616-051X | ISSN (electronic): 2616-0501 NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY (NIJEST) https://www.nijest.com Volume 2 | Number 1 | March 2018 NIJEST / Nig. J. of Env. Sci. & Tech. 2 (1), March 2018 www.nijest.com NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY (NIJEST) https://www.nijest.com EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Prof J. O. Ehiorobo Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria / [email protected] EDITORS Prof. L. A. Ezemonye Prof. Olatunde Arayela Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Department of Architecture, Federal University of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Technology, Akure, Nigeria Prof. O. C. Izinyon Prof. G. C. Ovuworie Department of Civil Engineering, University of Benin, Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin City, Nigeria Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Prof. M. N. Ono Prof. C. C. Egolum Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Department of Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikwe Nnamdi Azikwe University, Awka University, Awka Prof. T. C. Hogbo Prof. Vladimir A. Seredovich Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, University of Technology, Minna Novosibirsk, Russia Prof. F. O. Ekhaise Prof. George W. K. Intsiful Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Department of Architecture, Kwame Nkrumah University Benin City, Nigeria of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Prof. Clinton O. Aigbavboa Prof. Toshiroh Ikegami Department of Construction Management and Department of Urban Studies / School of Policy Studies, Quantity Surveying, University of Johannesburg, Kwansei Gakuin University, Yubinbango Nishinomiya, South Africa Japan Prof. Samuel Laryea Dr. (Ms) Oluropo Ogundipe School of Construction Economics and Management, Nottingham Geospatial Engineering Department, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South University of Nottingham, UK Africa Prof. Stephen Ogunlana Dr. Eugene Levin School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt Geomatics Engineering Department, Michigan University, UK Technological University, Michigan, USA Prof. A.N. Aniekwu Prof. P. S. Ogedengbe Department of Architecture, University of Benin, Department of Estate Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Benin City, Nigeria Dr. H.A.P. Audu Dr. Patrick Ogbu Department of Civil Engineering, University of Benin, Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Benin City, Nigeria JOURNAL SECRETARIAT Journal Secretary Assistant Journal Secretary Prof. Raph Irughe-Ehigiator Dr. Okiemute Roland Ogirigbo Department of Geomatics, University of Benin, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria Benin City, Nigeria Nigerian Journal of Environmental of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST) Journal available online at http://www.nijest.com Vol 2 No. 1 March 2018 ISSN (Print): 2616-051X | ISSN (electronic): 2616-0501 Contents Article Page Stress and Environmental Health of Women in Different Neighbourhoods of Lagos Metropolis Nwokoro, I.I.C., Olayinka, D.N. and Okolie, C.J. 1 – 10 Improvement on the Strength of 6063 Aluminium Alloy by Means of Warm Rolling Operation Adekunle, N.O., Aiyedun, P.O., Kuye, S.I. and Lawal, I.O. 11 – 18 Evaluation of the Corrosion Rate of Aluminium 6063 in Petrol, Kerosene and Water Adekunle, N.O., Aiyedun, P.O., Kuye, S.I. and Adetunji, R.O. 19 – 27 Change Detection Analysis Using Surveying and Geoinformatics Techniques Onuigbo, I.C. and Jwat, J.Y. 28 – 38 Hydrogeophysical Survey of Groundwater Development at Okada Community Ovia North - East L.G.A. Edo State Ehigiator, M. O. 39 – 45 Performance Assessment of Biological Wastewater Treatment at WUPA Wastewater Treatment Plant, Abuja, Nigeria Chukwu, M.N. and Oranu, C.N. 46 – 55 Determination of Conversion Constant between Lagos Datum and Niger Delta Mean Lower Low Water Datum and their Horizontal and Vertical Accuracy Standards using GNSS Observations Ehigiator, M.O. and Oladosu, S.O. 56 – 68 Staff Satisfaction with Workplace Facilities in the School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Mbazor, D.N., Ajayi, M.A. and Ige, V.O. 69 – 77 Validation of Global Digital Elevation Models in Lagos State, Nigeria Arungwa, I.D., Obarafo, E.O. and Okolie, C.J. 78 – 88 Heavy metals in soil and accumulation in medicinal plants at an industrial area in Enyimba city, Abia State, Nigeria Ogbonna, P.C., Nzegbule, E.C., Obasi, K.O. and Kanu, H. 89 – 95 Soil chemical characteristics in wet and dry season at Iva long wall underground mined site, Nigeria Ogbonna, P.C., Nzegbule, E.C. and Okorie, P.E. 96 – 107 Linacre Derived Potential Evapotranspiration Method and Effect on Supplementary Irrigation Water Needs of Tomato/Cabbage/Carrot Emeribe, C.N., Isagba, E.S. and Idehen, O.F. 108 – 117 Aquifer Mapping in the Niger Delta Region: A Case Study of Edo State, Nigeria Seghosime, A., Ehiorobo, J.O., Izinyon, O.C. and Oriakhi O. 118 – 129 Non-Linear Error Functions Approach to Kinetic Study of Arsenic Removal from Soils using Proteus mirabili and Bacillus subtilis Atikpo, E., Agori, J.E., Iwema, E.R., Michael, A. and Umukoro, L.O. 130 – 136 Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST) www.nijest.com ISSN (Print): 2616-051X | ISSN (electronic): 2616-0501 Vol 2, No. 1 March 2018, pp 1 - 10 Stress and Environmental Health of Women in different Neighbourhoods of Lagos Metropolis Nwokoro, I.I.C. 1, Olayinka, D.N.2,* and Okolie, C.J.2 1Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria 2Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria Corresponding Author: *[email protected] ABSTRACT It has been established that women spend more time in the neighbourhood environment, and therefore, are more vulnerable to the observable poor conditions. The focus of this study is on neighbourhood environmental stressors that affect womens’ health in Lagos metropolis. The factors considered include access to clean water, adequate sanitation, drainage conditions, ventilation and hygiene, type of energy for cooking and nutrition. These factors are exacerbated by poverty and differ across different neighbourhoods in Lagos metropolis. 1150 respondents (high – 50; medium – 328; and low - 772) consisting of randomly selected women, aged 18 years and above were selected from all the 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in metropolitan Lagos to achieve 100% representation. Focus Group Discussions were held with women from selected different neighbourhoods. A 5-point likert scale was used as a measure of self-reported stress and self-reported health, with higher numbers indicating a greater self-reported stress. From the different survey methods used, results show that women in the low income neighbourhoods are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, and so their health is mostly affected negatively. Women in the other income groups also experience some form of stress but at lower severity levels. Environmental stressors and severity of chronic illness are linked to stress. An improvement in the environmental conditions will reduce the amount of stress experienced by women of different income neighbourhoods. Keywords: Stress, Environmental Stressors, Metropolitan Lagos, Neighbourhoods, Health 1.0. Introduction Women are major players in health care service provision through their roles as household managers and carers. In so doing, they spend longer hours in their household environment. All societies are divided along what we can call the fault line of gender (Moore, 1988; Papenek, 1990). This means that women and men are defined as different types of beings, each with their own opportunities, roles and responsibilities. However, WHO (1994) notes that these circumstances cause women to cope with the pressures of modernisation, which often requires them to assume additional duties and responsibilities, plus the burdens of their traditional roles. Thus women tend to have less time and energy. The social role of women may make them more vulnerable to certain hazards or exposures. Examples are the stress of womens’ multiple roles as income providers, home managers, and reproducers; or poor nutritional status which can increase susceptibility to environmental chemicals such as lead and cadmium, and exposure to harmful emissions from smoke while cooking. This was corroborated in the theory of work-family-conflict by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985). The above indices are the major reasons for exploring the interplay between the neighbourhood environment, stress and health of women. Pearlin and Schooler (1978) reported that the concept of stress not only refers to major life events but also encompasses ongoing minor events like electricity failure, maids not turning up, unexpected guests and childrens’ misbehaviour. Similarly, stress can be viewed as a physiological demand placed on the body when one must adapt, cope or adjust (Nevid and Rathus, 2007). Different types of stress include psychological, physical, chemical, environmental, long term and short term stress (Kelly et Nwokoro et al., 2018 1 Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology (NIJEST) Vol 2, No. 1 March 2018, pp 1 - 10 al., 1997). Similarly, Djuric et al. (2008) have also noted that chronic stressors (a long term form of stress) associated with health disparities include perceived discrimination, neighbourhood