Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 63 (1) 43-60 (1993) SPB Academie Publishing bv, The Hague A standardized description of European Sminthuridae (Collembola, 1: Lipothrix, Gisinurus and Caprainea Symphypleona), genera , Pierre Nayrolles Laboratoire de Zoologie, Ecobiologie des Arthropodes édaphiques, UPR CNRS 90 14, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cédex, France Keywords: Collembola, Symphypleona, Lipothrix, Gisinurus, Caprainea, chaetotaxy, taxonomy Abstract been able to establish the setal patterns of append- 1990b, ages (Nayrolles, 1988, 1990a, 1991). the we have a A new standard description of Collembola Symphypleona is During present work, given great a appendicular proposed. In particular, standard table of the deal of attention to the ontogeny of chaetotaxy, chaetotaxy (antennae, legs, and furcula) is given. According to and our studies were based upon a wide taxonomie this presentation, the following species are redescribed: Lipo- This is different from Bretfeld's range. approach thrix lubbocki (Tullberg, 1872), Gisinurus malatestai Dallai, one since he studied four species belonging 1970, Caprainea marginata (Schött, 1893), and Caprainea (1990), bremondi (Delamare & Bassot, 1957). to only one family. Such a study, based on a too build small taxonomierange, does not allow to up chaetotaxic which would be a system applicable to Résumé all Symphypleona. We could make other criticisms (e.g. the problem of setae counting), but review of Bretfeld's work is the of the Nous exposons un nouveau standard de description pour les beyond scope present Nous Collemboles Symphypléones. notamment un proposons paper. de la chétotaxie des tableau type appendices (antennes, pattes et The nomenclatureof setae is given in our previ- furca). A l’aide de cetteprésentation standard, nousredécrivons ous papers. Until now, chaetotaxic tables required les espèces suivantes: Lipothrix lubbocki (Tullberg, 1872), two and a half So, a size reduction is neces- Gisinurus malatestai Dallai, 1970, Capraineamarginata (Schött, pages. We the the left 1893), et Caprainea bremondi (Delamare & Bassot, 1957). sary. propose to change legend on side of the tables by a set of symbols. At generic and specific level, only few taxonomie Introduction works on Symphypleona are available, viz. those by Stach (1956) and, limited to Europe, by Gisin studies the The aim of this work is not only to redescribe some (1960). Some improving knowledge of characteristics have been made Richards species of Symphypleona, but also to standardize genera by the presentation of their taxonomie characters, (1968) and Betsch (1980). most of which are based on chaetotaxy. The head In this work we will study species of the genera and body chaetotaxy, which is difficult to observe Lipothrix, Gisinurus, and Caprainea. These genera and standardize, is being studied by J.M. Betsch will be defined with emphasis on apomorphic and the trichobothrial pattern is now well known characters. for would through the works of Richards (1968), Betsch We use symbols designating setae. It (1980), and Betsch & Waller (1989). The study of be needless and too long to list all setal symbols. In- the is easier have these built appendicular chaetotaxy and we deed, symbols are up by using a logic sys- 44 P. Nayrolles - Description of European Sminthuridae tem, so the explanation of this system is sufficient. chaetotaxy shows a setal organization in genera- deal with the trices and and that In the first part of this paper we intergeneratrices, so we can say nomenclature of setae. Concerning some setae the chaetotaxy has a longitudinal structure. which do not pertain to our system of nomencla- Second, as well as the longitudinal structure, a ture, the symbols we give to them can be regarded transversal structure can sometimes be observed. These listed below. Whorls of setae make this transversal structure. as abbreviations. symbols are up The following abbreviations are used: We name "whorlation" [verticillation] the differ- ent organizations of setae in this transversal struc- ad. = adult ture; indeed we can observe several degrees of struc- anal an. app. = appendage ture (easiness to recognize whorls). An appendicu- ant. = antennal segment lar segment on which we cannot recognize any ceph. diag. = cephalic diagonal whorl is described as "unwhorled" [averticillé]. cup = cup-like organ an obvi- rau = mucronal seta Conversely, appendicular segment bearing = occurrence is oc ous whorls "euwhorled" [euverticillé] . If whorls ov. org. = oval organ are at a right angle to the axis of the appendicular = subcoxal used in pre process (only tables) segment, we say that the euwhorlation is right [eu- St. = instar verticillation droite], or we say that the euwhorla- str = chaetotaxic structure (only used in tables) tion is III sloping [euverticillation inclinée]. Moreover, Xe = external (dorsal) microchaeta of antennal setae can be between whorls on tibio- organ present two Xi = internal (ventral) microchaeta of antennal III tarsi and furcula; these setae make up an "inter- organ whorl" [interverticille]. From apex to basis, inter- whorls are numbered with Arab numerals, and whorls with of Roman numerals (except one part Nomenclature and vocabulary used for describing ant. IV, where the whorls are generally numerous; chaetotaxy for practical reasons we use Arab numerals here). the chaetotaxic nomenclature combines Principles of chaetotaxic nomenclature Third, the number of whorls or interwhorls with the letters We recall the of setal of general principles arrange- generatrices or intergeneratrices. For instance, ments on appendices and the nomenclaturewhich is Iae is the seta on whorl I and on generatrix Gae. In based on Nayrolles (1988, 1990a, 1990b, 1991). In addition, letters like A (for apical) or B (for basal) our previous papers we used words for describing are added when the segment is divided in several the chaetotaxy; several words were neologisms. We parts. For instance, on ant. IV the seta Alle is situ- will translate ated the withinthe whorl them and quote French words be- on apical part (A), second of this and the external tween brackets. part (II), on generatrix (e). First, we distinguish "G setae" from "H setae". Fourth, suppose that one wants to refer to a seta, G setae belong to generatrices and H setae to inter- if the context does not say which segmentbears this generatrices. We call a "generatrix" [génératrice] a seta, it is necessary to indicate it. Two letters are row of setae along an appendix. Fundamentally, used for symbolizing segments; for instance: AQ there are 8 generatrices, viz.: Ge (external), Gae for ant. IV, TI for tibiotarsi, DE for the dens, etc. (anterior-external), Ga (anterior), Gai (anterior- (see below). Within a setal symbol, the segment let- internal), Gi (internal), Gpi (posterior-internal), Gp ters are written between parentheses, e.g.: and "in- (posterior), Gpe (posterior-external). An (AQ)AIIe. As far as the legs are concerned, the tergeneratrix" [intergénératrice] is a setal row be- numbers 1,2, and 3 refer to the pair in question. tween two generatrices. We can observe intergener- For example, Til is used for the foretibiotarsus, atrices only on ant. IV. The intergeneratrix between and then (Tll)IIa is the seta on the foretibiotarsus, Ge and Gae is written the Heae, one between Gae on the second whorl, and on Ga. When we consider and Ga is written Haea, etc. Thus, the appendicular two homeotypic setae together, like the couple Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 63 (1) - 1993 45 (Tll)IIaand (TI2)IIa, we write the numbersof both cal), M (median), and B (basal). Generally, we can legs separated by a comma, e.g.: (TIl,2)IIa. When also divide B in three parts, which are from apex write: The towards basis: and BB. The section A we consider all tibiotarsi, we (Tl.)IIa. BA, BM, bears three whorls and and its point means "all legs" (this is shorter thanto write (AI, All, AIII) at tip 1, 2, 3). one seta written AA (no definite generatrix for The section B has variable number of We give the symbols for appendicular segments AA). a in the following list: whorls. From apex to basis, these whorls are writ- ten: M3 Concerning the section BA Ml, M2, ... B, is a whorl, BB is a whorl as well, but incom- Antenna AP = first antennal segment very = and has the AD second antennal segment plete, BM a special chaetotaxy. Indeed, AT = third antennal segment setae of BM are not idionymic (Grandjean, 1949). AQ = fourth antennal segment So, one cannot give any of these setae a name. Ex- Legs SB = basal subcoxa of cept AA and the setae of BM, we name the setae SA = apical subcoxa ant. IV with reference to whorls and generatrices or CX = coxa BBe TR = trochanter intergeneratrices, e.g.: Allpe, M3ae, BAp, ... FE = femur TI = tibiotarsus - of from femur Legs. As far as the segments legs, PT = pretarsus to subcoxae, are concerned, we cannot observe Furca MA = manubrium whorls. each For one segment (viz. femur), on DE = dens generatrix, setae are numbered from apex to basis, MU = mucron and the number follows the generatrix letter(s); for instance: ail, ai2, ai3 ... Moreover, we can observe The nomenclature of appendicular setae oval organs on these segments. The letter O is used for referring to such organs. For example: Oil and Now we can accurately expose the chaetotaxic Oi2 on trochanter; both belong to Gi, and Oi 1 is the nomenclature of every appendix. most apical. Whorls and interwhorls are present on tibiotarsi. Antenna. - Ant. I bears 7 setae which are written The fourth interwhorl has two setae on Gai, and of e, ae, a, etc., each them belonging to one two setae on Gpi. So, we consider that two layers generatrix. make up the fourth interwhorl. We number 1 the The primary setae on ant. II and ant. Ill can be apical layer, and 2 the basal one. Concerning the divided into an apical set (setae Ae, Aae, etc.) and other generatrices, we consider that their setae be- a basal set (setae Be, Bae, etc.).