Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie Piotr Taracha Herausgegeben von Religions Johann Tischler of Second Millennium Anatolia Band 27 2Q09 2009 Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden I The illustration on the cover page 4 shows a drawing of the Hieroglyphic Luwian seal ZN 1769 stored in the Skulpturensammlung of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. CONTENTS Preface vii Abbreviations ix Introduction . 1 1. Prehistoric Anatolia . 7 1.1. Neolithic 8 1.2. Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age 18 2. The Old Assyrian Colony Period 25 2.1. Kanesite gods in the light of the Cappadocian tablets 27 2.2. Iconography of Cappadocian deities 31 3. Hittite Anatolia 33 3.1. The Old Hittite Period 36 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbihliothek 3.1.1. Pantheon of the state and the capital city 38 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek serceichnet diese Puhlikation iu der Deutschen 3.1.2. Local beliefs 50 Natioualhihliograhe; detaillierte hihliografische Daten siud ito Internet uher http://duh.d-nb.cle ahrufhar. 3.1.3. Cult 59 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationaihibliothek 3.1.4. Magic and the nascency of myths 74 The Deutsche Natiooalhihliothek lists this puhlicatiou in the Deutsche 3.2. The Empire Period 80 Nationalbihliograhe; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://dnh.d-ttb.de. 3.2.1. State pantheon 84 3.2.2. Dynastic pantheon 92 3.2.3. Local pantheons in central and northern Anatolia 95 For further information about our publishing program consult our wcbsite http://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de 3.2.4. Luwian beliefs 107 © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wicsbaden 2009 3.2.5. Beliefs of the Hurrians of Anatolia 118 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Cult 128 Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission 3.2.6. of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies 3.2.7. Prayer 141 particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage 3.2.8. Omen and divination 144 and processing in electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. 3.2.9. Magic and mythology 149 Typesetting: Piotr Taracha 3.2.10. Eschatology, burial customs and the ancestor cult 158 Printing and binding: Hubert & Co., Göttingcn Printed in Germany Bibliography 169 ISSN 1619-0874 Indexes 215 ISBN 978-3-447-05885-8 I PREFACE My studies on Hittite religion have brought me to the conclusion that discrepan cies existing between earlier views concern not only the identity of particular de ities and the nature of their cult, but also the rather more fundamental question of why Hittite religion changed so radically under the Empire. Several issues remain to be analyzed for a better understanding of the religions of Hittite Anatolia and their development, but even so. recent progress in the field merits a review of the extended source base, which includes relevant, newly published texts and fresh studies on specific issues. I have put it to myself to evaluate the new propositions and to offer a synthesis of my own views on the subject. The present book is the effect of that work. I am fully aware that definite answers to many questions are still lack ing. Neither can I presume to gain full approval of most Hittitologists for all the views presented here. In particular, the opinion that a new dynasty originating from a strongly Hurrianized Kizzuwatnean milieu seized power in Uattuia at the outset of the Empire period still finds many opponents. In my view, however, it was this fact that determined the new cultural image of Hittite Anatolia and with it the change that occurred in the official pantheon and cult of the Hittite state. I am indebted in various ways to many persons and institutions, whose kindness and generous assistance have permitted this book to germinate. The Rector and the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the University of Warsaw, my academic base, have provided generous assistance for the publication of this book. Prof. Doris Prechel twice (2004 and 2008) graciously invited me to work as a visiting professor at the Institut für Agyptologie und Altorientalistik of the Universitdt Mainz. Prof. Gernot Wilhelm kindly and generously allowed me the use of the files of the Boazkoy Archiv in Mainz. On these occasions, I benefited from the kind assistance of Dr. Silvin Koèak and Prof. Jared Miller. A special word of thanks goes to my Teacher, Prof. Maciej Popko, who kindly read through an earlier draft of the manuscript. I have profited much from his valuable suggestions and insights relating to the schol arlv substance of the book. Dr. Guido Kryszat has also given me very welcome help viii PREFACE by reading and Commenting on parts of the manuscript. Needless to say. I alone am responsible for the views expressed here. Prof. Johann Tischler kindly agreed to publish the book in the Dresdner Bei trhge zur Hethitologie series. I am indebted to Ms. Iwona Zych for translating the Polish text, to my colleague, Prof. ABBREVIATIONS Krzysztof Nowicki. for looking through the manu script and for his useful editorial suggestions and corrections, and to Ms. Alma Nowak for preparing the camera-ready version. la/b, etc. Inventory numbers of Bogazköv tablets excavated 193 1—1967 AS Archaologischer Anzeiger. Jahrbueh des Deutschen Archaologischen Institute. Berlin Last of all, this book would not have been written without the constant support ABoT Ankara Arkeoloji Mdzesinde buluoan Bogazkoy Tab letleri, Istanbul 1948 01 m wile Jolanta. It is dedicated to her. AcAn Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Budapest . V Aria Iramca Acta Iranico. Encyclopedic pernianente des etudes‘ iranzennesV puhliee par Ic Centre Piotr Taracha internotionole dktude,c indo-ironiennes. Troisièmc série: Hommages et opera Ininora. Louvarn-la.Neuve September 2008 Acts ITCH Lluslororasi 1. Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri (19-21 Temmuz 1990). .Ankara E1992J Acts — II ICH 0. Carruba M. Giorgeri — C. Mora (eds), Atti del II Congresso Internaztonale di Hit titologia: Pavia, 28 giugno — 2 luglio 1993. Studia Mediterranea 9, Pavia 1995 Acts III ICH S. Alp — A. SueT (eds). Iii. Uluslararasi Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri: coruin 16- 22 EvIdl 1996 = Acts of the illrd international Congress of Hittitologv: (‘oruln, September 16-22, 1996. 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