PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY OF SCROOGE’S BEHAVIOR CHANGE AS SEEN IN CHARLES DICKEN’S A CHRISTMAS CAROL A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial fulfillment of the Requirements to obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By: Ursula Peggy Susanti Student Number: 141214077 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY OF SCROOGE’S BEHAVIOR CHANGE AS SEEN IN CHARLES DICKEN’S A CHRISTMAS CAROL A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial fulfillment of the Requirements to obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By: Ursula Peggy Susanti Student Number: 141214077 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEDICATION PAGE And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose -Romans 8:28- This thesis is dedicated to: Jesus Christ Bapak Thomas Suwarto Ibu Caesilia Tri Usdihartati Dominicus Harry Kurnianto Mikael Herry Kristianto iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Susanti, Ursula Peggy. (2018). A Study of Scrooge’s Behavior Change as Seen in Charles Dicken’s A Christmas Carol. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. This study analyzes Ebenezer Scrooge, the main character in A Christmas Carol. He is a businessman who meets four ghosts in his life-changing moment. Scrooge meets the four ghosts because he is doing some bad things to his friends and families. Every ghost presents different memories of Scrooge’s life in a Christmas eve. Scrooge who hates Christmas finally finds a miracle through Christmas itself. He changes his behavior into a good person. There are two formulated problems in this study. The first problem is about the Ebenezer Scrooge characteristics before and after Scrooge doing a behavior change. The second problem concerns the causes of Scrooge’s behavior change as seen in A Christmas Carol. The researcher used the psychological approach and library research as the method of these study. There were two sources used in this study: a primary source and secondary sources. The primary source was the novel entitled A Christmas Carol by Charles Dicken. The secondary sources were theory of character and characterization, theory of developmental psychology, theory of motivation, and theory of needs. There are two findings in this study. The first reveals Scrooge’s characteristics before he does behavior change. He is mean, stingy, and strict. Based on the theory of character, Scrooge is a dynamic character. After he meets the Marley ghost and the other three ghosts, Scrooge changes his behavior into a good person. He becomes grateful, generous, brave, and sociable. The second one uncovers the reasons for Scrooge’s behavior change. Scrooge as a bad person changes his behaviors into a better person. However, according to Maslow’s theory, Ebenezer Scrooge changes his behavior because he remembers his greed, bitter experience, sharing his wealth, and avoiding punishment. Keywords: A Christmas Carol, Behavior Change, Ghosts, Novel, Scrooge vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Susanti, Ursula Peggy. (2018). A Study of Scrooge’s Behavior Change as Seen in Charles Dicken’s A Christmas Carol. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Skripsi ini membahas tentang Ebenezer Scrooge, seorang pengusaha yang bertemu dengan empat hantu dalam momen perubahan hidupnya. Scrooge bertemu dengan keempat hantu tersebut karena dia melakukan hal-hal yang buruk kepada teman dan keluarganya. Setiap hantu membawa kenangan yang berbeda dari kehidupan Scrooge pada saat malam natal. Scrooge yang membenci hari natal menemukan keajaiban dalam hari natal. Ada dua masalah yang dirumuskan dari skripsi ini. Rumusan masalah yang pertama yaitu tentang Ebenezer Scrooge sebagai karakter utama di dalam novel A Christmas Carol. Hal ini mengenai perubahan karakteristik sebelum dan setelah Scrooge melakukan perubahan sikap. Rumusan masalah yang kedua yaitu penyebab Scrooge melakukan perubahan sikap seperti terlihat dalam novel A Christmas Carol. Peneliti menggunakkan pendekatan psikologi dan studi pustaka sebagai metode untuk skripsi ini. Ada dua sumber yang digunakan dalam skripisi ini, yaitu sumber pertama dan sumber kedua. Sumber pertama yaitu novel yang berjudul A Christmas Carol yang ditulis oleh Charles Dicken. Sumber yang kedua yaitu teori tentang karakter dan karakterisasi, teori tentang perkembangan psikologi, teori tentang motivasi, dan teori tentang kebutuhan dasar manusia. Ada dua hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil pertama yaitu tentang karateristik Scrooge sebelum dia melakukan perubahan sikap. Scrooge bersikap kasar, pelit, dan mematuhi aturan yang dia buat sendiri. Berdasarkan teori karakter, Scrooge adalah pribadi yang dinamis. Dari teori tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Scrooge merubah sikapnya untuk menjadi orang yang baik. Scrooge menjadi orang yang selalu bersyukur, baik hati, berani mengakui kesalahan, dan dapat bersosialsisasi. Hal ini terjadi setelah Scrooge bertemu Scrooge bertemu dengan Hantu Marley dan tiga roh. Hasil yang kedua menemukan alasan dari perubahan sikap Scrooge. Scrooge adalah orang yang bersikap buruk dan dia berusaha berubah untuk menjadi seseorang yang baik. Bagaimanapun, menurut teori dari Malsow, Ebenezer Scrooge menggubah sikapnya karena dia bertemu dengan hantu Marley dan tiga roh. Tiga roh tesebut membawa kenangan dari waktu yang berbeda; seperti hantu dari masa lampau, hatu dari masa sekarang, dan hantu dari masa depan. Kata kunci: A Christmas Carol, Behavior Change, Ghosts, Novel, Scrooge viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Jesus Christ and Mother Mary because they give me a lot of blessings to finish my thesis. They always support me with love, strength, and guidance in my life. They also show their presence within people around me who help me through my bad times. Next, I will never forget these great people who become my biggest motivation to finish my thesis: Caecilia Tri Usdi Hartati who has encouraged me to do everything that I believe, my father, Thomas Suwarto who always gives his best and supports me, Dominikus Harry Kurnianto and Mikael Herry Kristianto always make my day and fill my day with their hapiness. They always mock and play, so I never get stressed over my thesis, Rm. Floretinus Hartanta, Pr who allows me to join an amazing journey and find a miracle. He helps me to find my inner peace and believe that God give the perfect moment in the right time and, Tambunan’s Family who always give an encouragement to me. I am really grateful to have them all. Then, I would say my best regards to my advisor, Drs. L. Bambang Hendarto Y. M.Hum, for his time and his criticism. He guides me and helps me to finish my thesis in the right time. Also, I want to say my best regards to All of PBI Lecturers who have taught me and given an inspiration to me. I would like to thank my SPD group, Phoenix (Trivia, Ayu, Mei, Ria, Niki, Teddy, and Wendy), for being my best friends, for teaching me how to be a good leader and support me in my bad day. They are also my best friend who always says mean things to me for built up my confidence. Also, I would like to ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI thank my friend in thesis class (Ranti, Feby, Al, Mas Ian, Tyas, Rio, Litha, etc) for supporting me to complete my task. Then, I want to thank Linda, Dara, Mace Maria, Ani who always have been there for me to give me so much motivation to fix my bad habit. Then, I want to thank my Friends in C6 class, for the time that we have spent together. It was very memorable. Lastly, I want to thank, my friends from PPA FX Klepu( Warih, Dhimas, Theo, Aji, Indra, Angga, Mbak Mon) because they believe that can finish my thesis through God’s will. They always say that nothing is impossible. x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE........................................................................................................ i APPROVAL PAGES ........................................................................................... ii DEDICATION PAGE......................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ..................................................... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ..................................................... vi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... vii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................