Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women In Cambodia, 2010 Prepared by NGO-CEDAW and CAMBOW March 2011 Cambodian NGO Committee Cambodian Committee for on CEDAW (NGO-CEDAW) Women (CAMBOW) Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1--Country Context ....................................................................................................................... 5 1. Situation ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Human Rights .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Natural Resources ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Ethnic Minority Groups ................................................................................................................................. 8 2. CEDAW dissemination and implementation ............................................................................................... 9 2.1 Obstacles to CEDAW Dissemination and Implementation ...........................................................10 2.2 Recommendation to improve CEDAW dissemination and implementation .........................10 Chapter 2 -- Education and Media ......................................................................................................... 11 1. Situation ....................................................................................................................................................................11 1.1 Legislation and Policies ...............................................................................................................................11 1.2 School Enrolment ..........................................................................................................................................13 1.3. School Drop-out Rates ................................................................................................................................14 1.4. Literacy .............................................................................................................................................................14 1.5. Quality of Education ....................................................................................................................................15 1.6 Curriculum .......................................................................................................................................................17 1.7 Women in Media ............................................................................................................................................17 1.8. Women and the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) ...............................19 1.9. Women from Ethnic Minorities and Women with Disabilities ..................................................21 2. Challenges ................................................................................................................................................................22 2.1 Core challenges: .............................................................................................................................................23 3. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................24 Chapter 3 --Politics and Decision Making ........................................................................................... 25 1. Situation ....................................................................................................................................................................25 1.1 Laws and Policies ..........................................................................................................................................25 1.2 Female Representative in Politics ..........................................................................................................27 1.3 Political Participation of Indigenous Women and Disabled Women .......................................32 2. Challenges ................................................................................................................................................................33 2.1 The Spreading of the Woman's voice: Social Transformation through Participation .......36 2.2. Women’s Political Participation .............................................................................................................37 3. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................37 Chapter 4 -- Health Rights, Including Sexual and Reproductive ................................................ 39 1. Situation ....................................................................................................................................................................39 1.1 Laws and Policy ..............................................................................................................................................40 1.2 Sexual and Reproductive Health .............................................................................................................41 1.3 Maternity...........................................................................................................................................................43 2. Challenges ................................................................................................................................................................45 3. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................45 Chapter 5 -- Economy and Access to resources ............................................................................... 47 1. Situation ....................................................................................................................................................................47 1.1 Laws and Policy ..............................................................................................................................................48 2. Women in the Formal Economy .....................................................................................................................50 2.1. Women in the Garment Sector and women as Union Leaders ..................................................50 2.2. Women in the Construction Sector .......................................................................................................51 2.3. Women in the Entertainment Industry ...............................................................................................52 2.4. Work in the Public Sector ..........................................................................................................................53 3. Women in the Non-Formal Economy ...........................................................................................................53 3.1. Female Household Workers .....................................................................................................................53 3.2. Women in the Agricultural Sector .........................................................................................................53 3.3. Women in Small Enterprises ...................................................................................................................54 3.4. Difference in Incomes .................................................................................................................................54 3.5. Women and Migration ................................................................................................................................55 3.6 Indigenous Women and Disabled Women ..........................................................................................56 4. Challenges ................................................................................................................................................................57 5. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................57 Chapter 6 -- Gender-Based Violence: Domestic Violence ............................................................. 59 1. Situation ....................................................................................................................................................................59 1.1 Definition and Types of Domestic Violence ........................................................................................59 1.2 Laws and Policies ..........................................................................................................................................60 1.3 Indigenous Women and Disabled Women ..........................................................................................61