Italian Renaissance Villas &Palazzo Gardens & Landscapes Renaissance Humanism: “A system of thought that centers of humans and their values, capacities, and worth.” Natural Science” v. “Analytical” Art; Purpose: reveal the harmony concealed in Nature; Classical proportions and orders; Uomo Universale [Universal Man] Man as the image of God; Anthropometry Diagrams by Palladio…after Leonardo da Vinci, after Alberti…. after Vitruvius, after…..? Renaissance "My only motive was to see what so great an elevation had to offer" Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374)) Uomo Universale [Universal Man] Medici Villa Gardens The Union of Landscape and Vision through Perspective Utens’ lunettes at Villa Artimino Plan of Rome for Pope Julius II by Bramante, 1503-1513 Medici Villa Gardens, Fiesole by Michelozzo, 1458-62 Belvedere Court (Vatican), for Pope Julius II, begun by Bramante (1503—); Michelangelo (1550—); and Pirro Ligorio (c. 1561—) Belvedere Court (Vatican), for Pope Julius II, begun by Bramante (1503—); Michelangelo (1550—); and Pirro Ligorio (c. 1561—) Campidgolio As remodeled by Michelangelo Beginning 1536 Campidgolio before renovations Villa Giulia, Rome, for Pope Julius III, designed by Michelangelo, Vasari, Vignola, et al. after 1550 Villa Giulia, Rome, for Pope Julius III, designed by Michelangelo, Vasari, Vignola, et al. after 1550 Gardens as Theatre of Nature Garden tropes: references to classical myths and topoi; The GROTTO; encrusted with stone, shells and mineral deposits Grotto at Villa Borghese Grotto at Villa Farnese Villa Giulia, Rome, for Pope Julius II, designed by Michelangelo, Vasari, Vignola, et al. after 1550 Nymphaeum with grotto Villa d’Este, by Pirro Ligorio et al. for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este, Tivoli, 1550-1572 Technology Neptune Fountain and fish pools The Fontana di Tivoli or dell'Ovato ("Oval Fountain") and rustic nymphaeum. The Fontana di Tivoli or dell'Ovato ("Oval Fountain") and rustic nymphaeum. Le Cento Fontane (The Hundred Fountains) Fountain of the Dragons Rometta (little Rome) Villa d’Este, by Pirro Ligorio et al. for Cardinal Ippolito II d'Este, Tivoli, 1550-1572 Villa Lante, Bagnaia, Italy, 1568-1579 , by Giacomo da Vignola, for Cardinal Gambara of Viterbo Fountain of Pegaus Bosco / Grove Fountain of the Dolphins Loggias of the Muses catena d’acqua Villa Lante, Bagnaia, Italy, 1568-1579 , by Giacomo da Vignola, for Cardinal Gambara of Viterbo Villa Borghese, for Cardinal Scipione, designers included Flaminio Ponzio (1560– 1613) and Giovanni Vasanzio (1550–1665) for the gardens: Domenico Savini from Montepulciano, 1606-1621 Garden of the Villa Borghese, for Cardinal Scipione, designers included Flaminio Ponzio (1560–1613) and Giovanni Vasanzio (1550–1665) for the gardens: Domenico Savini from Montepulciano, 1606-33 Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) Four Books of Architecture. Book II, Chapter XIV, plate XXXVII: Plan and elevation of a country house in Fanzolo Book II, Chapter XIV, plate XXXIV: Plan and elevation of a country house in Maser Villa Barbaro (plan and elevation) Maser, Italy. Andrea Palladio. 1555-59. Villa Capra (La Rotunda), Vicenza, by Andrea Palladio, 1566 to 1571 .