vvvv United States Department of Agriculture Forest Creeks Forest Service Research Natural Area Pacific Northwest Research Station General Technical Report Guidebook Supplement 39 PNW-GTR-813 February 2010 Reid Schuller and Ron Halvorson D E E P R A U R T LT MENT OF AGRICU The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. 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Authors Reid Schuller is a plant ecologist, Western Stewardship Science Institute, P.O. Box 1173, Bend, Oregon 97709. Ron Halvorson is a botanist (retired), Bureau of Land Management, Prineville District, 3050 NE 3rd Street, Prineville, Oregon 97754. The Pacific Northwest Research Station is publishing this guidebook as part of a continuing series of guidebooks on federal research natural areas begun in 1972. Cover Photo: Forest Creeks Research Natural Area. All photos were taken by the authors. Abstract Schuller, Reid; Halvorson, Ron. 2010. Forest Creeks Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 39. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-813. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 20 p. This guidebook describes Forest Creeks Research Natural Area, a 164-ha (405-ac) area comprising two geographically distinct canyons and associated drainages. The two units have been established as examples of first- to third-order streams originat- ing within a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone. The two riparian areas also represent examples of the mountain alder-redosier dogwood (Alnus incana-Cornus sericea ssp. sericea), and the redosier dogwood-mockorange (Cornus sericea ssp. sericea-Philadelphus lewisii) plant associations. Keywords: Research natural area, first- to third-order stream, mountain alder- redosier dogwood plant association, Alnus incana-Cornus sericea ssp. sericea plant association, redosier dogwood-mockorange plant association, Cornus sericea ssp. sericea-Philadelphus lewisii plant association, riparian vegetation, area of critical environmental concern. Preface The research natural area (RNA) described in this supplement1 is administered by the Prineville District, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Department of the Interior. Scientists and educators wishing to visit or use the RNA for scientific or educational purposes should contact the Prineville BLM field office manager in advance and provide information about research or educational objectives, sampling procedures, and other prospective activities. Research projects, educational visits, and collection of specimens from the RNA all require prior approval. There may be limitations on research or educational activities. Forest Creeks RNA is part of a federal system of such tracts established for research and educational purposes. Each RNA is a site where natural features are protected or managed for scientific purposes and natural processes are allowed to dominate. Their main purposes are to provide: • Baseline areas against which effects of human activities can be measured or compared. • Sites for study of natural processes in undisturbed ecosystems. • Gene pool preserves for all types of organisms, especially rare and endan- gered types. The federal system is outlined in A Directory of the Research Natural Areas on Federal Lands of the United States of America.2 Of the 183 federal RNAs established in Oregon and Washington, 45 are described in Federal Research Natural Areas in Oregon and Washington: A Guidebook for Scientists and Educators (see footnote 1). Supplements to the guidebook such as this publication constitute additions to this document. The guiding principle in management of RNAs is to prevent unnatural encroachments or activities that directly or indirectly modify ecological processes or conditions. Logging and uncontrolled grazing are not allowed, for example, nor is public use that might impair scientific or educational values. Management practices necessary to maintain or restore ecosystems may be allowed (Wilson et al. 2009). 1 Supplement No. 39 to Franklin, J.F.; Hall, F.C.; Dyrness, C.T.; Maser, C. 1972. Federal research natural areas in Oregon and Washington: a guidebook for scientists and educators. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 498 p. 2 Federal Committee on Ecological Reserves. 1977. A directory of the research natural areas on federal lands of the United States of America. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. [Irregular pagination]. Federal RNAs provide a unique system of publicly owned and protected examples of undisturbed ecosystems where scientists can conduct research with minimal interference and reasonable assurance that investments in long-term studies will not be lost to logging, land development, or similar activities. In return, a scientist wishing to use an RNA is obligated to: • Obtain permission from the appropriate administering agency before using the area.3 • Abide by the administering agency’s regulations governing use, including specific limitations on the type of research, sampling methods, and other procedures. • Inform the administering agency on progress of the research, published results, and disposition of collected materials. The purpose of these limitations is to: • Ensure that the scientific and educational values of the tract are not impaired. • Accumulate a documented body of knowledge and information about the tract. • Avoid conflict between studies and activities. Research must be essentially nondestructive; destructive analysis of vegetation is generally not allowed, nor are studies requiring extensive modification of the forest floor or extensive excavation of soil. Collection of plant and animal specimens is generally restricted to the minimum necessary to provide voucher specimens and other research needs. Under no circumstances may collecting significantly reduce populations of species. Collecting must also be carried out in accordance with agency regulations. Within these broad guidelines, appropriate uses of RNAs are determined by the administering agency. Research natural areas are available for short- or long-term scientific study, research, and education and serve as a baseline against which human impacts on natural ecosystems can be measured. 3 Six federal agencies cooperate in this program in the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of Energy; and U.S. Department of Defense. In addition, the federal agencies cooperate with state agencies and private organizations in Oregon and Washington in the Pacific Northwest Interagency Natural Area Committee. Contents 1 Introduction 1 Access and Accommodations 2 Environment 5 Climate 5 Vegetation 7 Fauna 7 Disturbance History 8 Maps 8 Acknowledgments 9 English Equivalents 9 References 12 Appendix 1: Vascular Plants and Ferns 17 Appendix 2: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals Forest Creeks Research Natural Area Introduction The paper is one of a series describing research natural areas in Oregon and Wash- ington (see Franklin et al. 1972). Forest Creeks Research Natural Area (RNA) is a 164-ha (405-ac)1 area comprising two stream reaches within Fox Canyon and Rough Canyon, in Crook County, Oregon. Both drainages are tributaries to the North Fork Crooked River. These two units were established as a research natural area and as an area of critical environmental concern in 1989 with publication of the Brothers/LaPine Resource Management Plan Record of Decision (USDI BLM 1989). This designation was reaffirmed in the 2005 Upper Deschutes Resource Management Plan (USDI BLM 2005). The area was established to serve as an example of first- to third-order streams originating in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) zone (see app. 1 for species names), and also to represent an example of the mountain alder-redosier dogwood (Alnus incana-Cornus sericea ssp. sericea), and the redosier dogwood-mockorange (Cornus sericea ssp. sericea-Philadelphus lewisii) riparian plant associations. The RNA is located in the extreme southern portion of the Blue Mountains Ecological Province in central Oregon (ONHP 2003). Access and Accommodations