xxiii International VOL. 68 May I966 No. ,eJJ9 PAOB ar Notes and Comments 129 Suc: Sugar exporters measures to improve sugar prices. U.K. Sugar Board Report, 1965. Argentine sugar .tournaI industry situation. Au~omatic Control of Sucrose Crystallization from High- and Medium-purity Syrups. 131 By J. Doucet and C. Giddey Cold Caustic Pulps from Sugar Cane Bagasse 136 Editor and Manager: By Carlos Vincenty, Hector M. Rodriguez, G. V.~de D. LEIGHTON, B.Se., F.R.I.C. Porro and Ernersto Rentas Cruz Assistant Editor .- Sugar Cane Research at Coimbatore 13~ M. G. COPE, A.l.L.(Rus.) The Loxodrome Centrifugal .. 14\ Compari<on of a new continuous centrifugal with • conical-basket continuous centrifugals. By Julius von Rotel Panel of Referees Agricultural Abstracts .. ...... 143 • Deterioration of burnt standing cane, burnt cut cane. A. CARRUTHERS, Selecting new sugar cane varieties. Importance of Former Direclor 0{ Research, British Sugar Corporalion LId. potassium in sugar cane fertilization in Louisiana elc Sugar-House Practice .... 146 F. M. CHAPMAN, Evaporation. Efficient materials handling-Key to Technical Adviser, Tate <I Lyle Ltd. storing and loading of raw sugar. Possibilities of saving bagasse in India for the paper and pulp indus­ tries through maximum fuel and steam economy Dr. K. DOUWES DEKKER, measures etc .. DireClor, Sugar Mit/ing Research Inslilute. Beet Factory Notes .. 149 Use of an RSP-II Qldioactive counter for production counting. Hydraulic resistance during massecuite flow. J. EISNER, Investigation of local hydraulic resistance in the bend Sugar Technolo,y Consullanl. of a tube during final molasSes flow elc. Laboratory Methods and Chemical Reports .. 151 N. J. KING, iii.., Sucrose crystal nuclei. The rheological properties of sugar massecuites. The effect of amino acids on Djr~ctor, Bureau 0/ Sugar Experiment Stations. molasses polarization etc. O. WIKLUND, By-Products .... .. .... 154 Experiences in developing, building and operating Swedish Sugar Corporalion. bagasse pulp and paper mills. Biological preservation of (beet) pulp. Results of using ammoniated (beet) pulp as cattle fodder etc. Patents 155 Production of L-glutamic acid. Beet harvester. Refining of sugars using aqueous alcohols. Phos­ phoric esters of polyhydric alcohols. Production of Published by yeast etc. The International Sugar Journal Ltd. 23a Easton Street, Bigh Wycombe, Trade Notices .. .. 157 "Busan 881" for micro-organism control in cane Bucks. sugar mills. "Magox HG" in cane sugar clarification. Telephone: Bigh Wycombe 29408 Portable pneumatic stitching machine. Swan-neck Cable: Sugaphilos, High Wycombe elevator-conveyor. Metal detector. Spherical roller bearings. French Sugar Imports and Exports 159 Commission Internationale Technique de Sucrerie.. 160 Stock Exchange Quotations 160 A..-J S'll*riPlion: 325 Od or $5.00 post free Brevities 159-160 SIaaJe Copies: 2s 6d or 4S c:eatB plus postqe Index 10 Advertisers .. xxxiv I • LOS MOCHIS BABCOCK bagasse-fired boiler plant for the Los Mochis mill of Cia. Azucarera de Los Mochis S.Ao, Mexico (a total of 11 Babcock boilers) in­ cludes 1hese two 125,000 Ib./hr. Bi·drum units (left) and two further Bi-drum units each for 165,000 lb. steam/hr; supplied by Babcock & Wilcox Ltd. jointly with Babcock & Wilcox de Mexico S.A. de C. V., Mexico D.F. MODERN (Above) Arrangement of one of the BOILER PLANT 125,000 Ib./hr. bagasse-fired boilers at Los Mochis. Steam conditions 250Ib./sq. in., 343'C. for the Bagasse is fed through chutes into the Ward furnaces and spread by pulsating air-jets. Each Ward hearth is equipped SUGAR INDUSTRY with a chain grate to effect continuous removal of the ash. Auxiliary oil-firing is providedj also refiring of grits from the boiler hoppers. For over half a century sugar mills and refineries throughout the world have chosen BABCOCK boilers, fired with conventional fuels such as oil, gas, coal and wood, or with bagasse and other vegetable-refuse fuels, to meet their steam-raising requirements with the utmost reliability, economy and ease of maintenance. This long and specialised experience is combined with modern design and construction in various types of Babcock boiler plant, with a wide choice of firing equipment to meet local requirements-the versatile Babcock-Detroit spreader stoker, burning bagasse and a variety of other fuels; the widely-used Babcock-Ward bagasse-furnace for efficient combustion and low maintenance and the established Horseshoe and Step-grate furnaces - with auxiliary oil or gas firing, if required. Bi-drum boiler (or bagasse {iring with Babcock­ Detroit spreader stoker, and with auxiliary oil·firing. BABCOCK ,4H/()r~wtaet?r~~(Jt~ ..&AB!~~'l~ & WILCOX (OPERATIONS) LIMITED; ~ABCOCK HOUSE, 209 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON N.W.1 THE INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL VOL. LXVIII MAY 1966 No. 809 NOTES AND COMMENTS Sugar exporters' measures~_to improve suga(prices. U.K. Sugar Board Report, 1965. As provided for under the scheme adopted by sugar The Eighth Annual Report of the Sugar Board was exporting member countries" the Exporters' Group published on the 23rd March 1966 after presentation met on the 5th-6th April to review the scheme and to Parliament by the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries take such action as might be appropriate. and Food. The Report deals with the activities of the Board for the eighteen months from 1st July 1964 The Group surveyed the developments that had to 31st December 1965 and includes an audited state­ taken place since the introduction of the scheme on ment of the Board's Accounts for that period. the 4th March and in particular the points in the scheme that had given rise to special difficulty. Ex­ During the eighteen-month period ended on 31st perience had shown that, as foreseen by the Group, December 1965, the Sugar Board recovered the deficit in view of the many complexities of the sugar trade of£18! million outstanding on their Revenue Account in general and in particular the circumstances pre­ at 30th June 1964, following two years of viol~ntly vailing at the inception of the scheme, it could not fluctuating world market prices for sugar. In the last be fully effective in such a short period of time. The six months of 1964 world prices fell from £46 a ton, Group will review the scheme again at its next meeting c.i.f. U.K., to £25 a ton, and during 1965 averaged early in May. £21 lOs Od a ton, with variations of about £4 to £5 a ton in either direction. The Group agreed to request the Marketing Advisory Committee to study the possibility of im­ The recovery of their deficit was completed in the proving upon some of the features of the scheme and first twelve months of the eighteen-month period, present specific proposals. fulfilling the Board's intention announced in their Seventh Report, and was achieved gradually in order In order to strengthen the scheme, the Group to minimize unfavourable reactions on consumers, agreed, subject to subsequent reviews, to substitute traders and manufacturers. During this twelve for sub-paragraphs I(b) and I(c) of the scheme, months, the retail prices of sugar and sugar-contain­ dealing with the minimum price, the following: ing goods in the United Kingdom remained very stable, and showed a decline towards the end. By "The objective would be to raise the free market this time it appeared that retail prices of sugar were, price of sugar; with this in mind expor\ing member in general. about Id a Ib lower than they had been countries would not sell raw sugar at a price which, twelve months previously. expressed in U.S. cents per Ib avoirdupois, 96° polarization, in bags f.o.b.s. Greater Caribbean basis, [n the last six months of 1965, following the re­ would be below the equivalent of covery of their initial deficit, the Sugar Board were (a) 2·50 U.S. cents for shipment during the period able to keep their Revenue Account roughly' in April/September 1966; balance, in spite of some fluctuations in world prices, without the average ex-refinery price of sugar depart­ (b) 2·70 U.S. cents for shipment during the period ing very far in either direction from £70 a ton (com­ October/December 1966; and pared with the average ofabout £77 a ton experienced (c) 3·00 U.S. cents for shipment as from January over the three years from 1st July 1962, when world 1967". price fluctuations were very severe and abnormal). Retail prices of sugar are not subject to control and The representative of the Cuban Government has there is usually a variation in the prices charged informed the representatives of the countries partici­ between one shop and another, but it appears that pating in the scheme that, although his country is there was a further slight decline in general levels not participating in the scheme, the Cuban Sugar of retail prices in the last six months of 1965. Exporting Enterprise will endeavour to maintain. as far as possible. its traditional policy. I /.S.J., 1966, 68. 97. 129 May THE INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL 1966 The Board's loss on trading in the eighteen-month the Argentine Government will strive to limit sugar period amounted to £68·3 million on 2·6 million tons production provisionally to 700,000 tons. The of Commonwealth, South African and Irish sugar. province of Tucuman will be chiefly concerned with The Board also paid £40·8 million to the British these restrictions. Sugar Corporation, making a total of £109·1 million. Net receipts of Surcharge collected during the period Of the 37 sugar factories in Argentina, 27 are in amounted to £128·3 million, and after meeting the the province of Tucuman. But they do not provide cost of interest and the expenses of the Board and 65% of the total production of the country and 35% H.M.