Alaska Pipeline Project Baseline Community Health Data December, 2012 BASELINE COMMUNITY HEALTH DATA Alaska Pipeline Project December 2012 Prepared for the State of Alaska Health Impact Assessment Program Department of Health and Social Services Prepared by: NewFields Companies Alaska Pipeline Project Baseline Community Health Data December, 2012 NewFields Companies LLC State of Alaska HIA Program Printed Name: Scott Phillips, MD Printed Name: Paul J. Anderson, MD Title: Managing Partner Title: Program Manager Date Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: With special thanks to the North Slope Borough Health Department for the use of their Baseline Community Health Analysis, Draft 2012, and the Alaska Native Epidemiology Center, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium for the use of the data summaries and graphics in the Regional Health Profile for the Arctic Slope Region (April 2009), the Alaska Native Health Status Report (August 2009), and the Interior Regional Health Profile (2011). Alaska Pipeline Project Baseline Community Health Data December, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .............................................................................................1 1.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Organizing Baseline Health Data ............................................................................................... 1 2.0 PLACE AND PEOPLE .................................................................................................................3 2.1 THE PLACE – ALASKA PIPELINE PROJECT - LOCATION AND ENVIRONS ......................................................... 3 3.0 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT .................................................................................................6 3.1 PUBLIC ISSUES AND CONCERNS ............................................................................................................ 6 3.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT CONCERNS, BY HEC ................................................................................ 11 3.2.1 Social Determinants of Health ................................................................................................ 11 3.2.2 Accidents and Injuries ............................................................................................................. 11 3.2.3 Exposure to Potentially Hazardous Materials ......................................................................... 12 3.2.4 Food, Nutrition, and Subsistence ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.5 Infectious Diseases .................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.6 Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................................. 12 3.2.7 Non-communicable Chronic Diseases ..................................................................................... 12 3.2.8 Health Services Infrastructure and Capacity ........................................................................... 12 4.0 BASELINE COMMUNITY HEALTH DATA ................................................................................... 12 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 12 4.2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 13 5.0 ALASKA PIPELINE PROJECT: GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE AND GAS TREATMENT PLANT BASELINE HEALTH DATA ................................................................................................................... 19 5.1 HEC 1: SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ......................................................................................... 19 5.1.1 Life Expectancy ........................................................................................................................ 20 5.1.2 Maternal and Child Health ...................................................................................................... 21 5.1.3 Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence ...................................................................... 31 5.1.4 Suicide ..................................................................................................................................... 34 5.1.5 Substance Abuse ..................................................................................................................... 36 5.1.6 Oral Health .............................................................................................................................. 37 5.1.7 Economic Indicators ................................................................................................................ 39 5.1.8 Dependency Ratio ................................................................................................................... 41 5.1.9 Educational Attainment .......................................................................................................... 41 5.1.10 Family Stability .................................................................................................................... 42 5.1.11 Cultural Indicators ............................................................................................................... 44 5.1.12 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 45 5.1.13 Data Gaps ............................................................................................................................ 46 5.2 HEC 2: ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES ....................................................................................................... 46 5.2.1 Non-Fatal Accidents and Injuries ............................................................................................ 46 5.2.2 Fatal Accidents and Injuries .................................................................................................... 46 5.2.3 Intentional Self-Harm: Suicide ................................................................................................ 47 5.2.4 Accidents and Injuries among Alaska Natives ......................................................................... 48 5.2.5 Alcohol Related Accidents and Injuries ................................................................................... 49 5.2.6 Traffic and Accidents ............................................................................................................... 50 Alaska Pipeline Project Baseline Community Health Data December, 2012 5.2.7 Law Enforcement .................................................................................................................... 50 5.2.8 Dry/Wet/Damp Community .................................................................................................... 50 5.2.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 50 5.2.10 Data Gaps ............................................................................................................................ 51 5.3 HEC 3: EXPOSURE TO POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ................................................................. 51 5.3.1 Physical Hazards ...................................................................................................................... 51 5.3.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 51 5.3.3 Water Quality .......................................................................................................................... 52 5.3.4 Pre-existing Environmental Hazardous Materials................................................................... 52 5.3.5 Natural Environmental Patterns ............................................................................................. 57 5.3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 58 5.3.7 Data Gaps ................................................................................................................................ 58 5.4 HEC 4: FOOD, NUTRITION, AND SUBSISTENCE ACTIVITY ........................................................................ 58 5.4.1 Micronutrient Deficiencies ..................................................................................................... 59 5.4.2 Child Growth Standards .......................................................................................................... 59 5.4.3 Contribution of Subsistence Activities .................................................................................... 59 5.4.4 Food Security .......................................................................................................................... 62 5.4.5 Food Costs ............................................................................................................................... 63 5.4.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 64 5.4.7 Data Gaps ...............................................................................................................................