THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA VICE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN AUGUST 2001 NBSAP Final Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................................ii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................................. iv PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY ............................................................................................... 1 THE COMMITMENT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ..................................... 1 THE BIOTIC WEALTH AND THREATS ................................................................................................2 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ...................................................................................................................................... 2 AGRO -BIODIVERSITY .......................................................................................................................................... 3 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................................................................. 5 NATIONAL VISION, GOALS AND GAPS ............................................................................................. 5 CROSS-SECTORAL GOALS.................................................................................................................6 CROSS-SECTORAL OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................6 GAPS, HINDRANCEs and Driving forces............................................................................................ 8 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 STRATEGIC CHOICES .......................................................................................................................... 8 STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................... 8 STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR AGRO -BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................................. 11 STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY .................................................................................. 14 IMPLEMENTING THE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN ................................................................... 17 PART 1: BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY ................................................................................................. 18 1.0 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 TANZANIA: A BROAD PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................ 18 1.2 THE CONVENTION AND GENERAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................... 19 1.2.1 The Convention on Biological Diversity ............................................................................................ 19 1.2.2 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND THE BIODIVERSITY CONVENTION..... 21 2.0 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT..................................................................................................... 23 2.1 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1 Status and Trends:.............................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.3 Conservation Initiatives:..................................................................................................................... 24 2.1.4 Conservation Capacity and Gaps ....................................................................................................... 25 2.2 AGRO BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Status and Trends:.............................................................................................................................. 25 2.2.2 Anthropogenic Threats ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.3 Conservation Initiatives:..................................................................................................................... 30 2.2.4 Conservation Capacity and Gaps ....................................................................................................... 30 2.3 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ............................................................................................................ 31 2.3.1 Status and Trends ............................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.2 Anthropogenic Threats:...................................................................................................................... 34 ii 3.0 NATIONAL VISION ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ......................................................... 35 3.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES .......................................................................................................................... 35 3.2 GOALS ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 CROSS-SECTORAL GOALS............................................................................................................. 36 3.2.2 SECTORAL GOALS........................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1 CROSS- SECTORAL OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 37 3.3.2 SECTORAL OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 38 4.0 GENERAL HINDRANCES, GAPS AND DRIVING FORCES (OBSTACLES) .............................. 41 4.1 DEFINITIONS AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 41 4.2. GENERAL OBSTACLES ....................................................................................................................... 42 4.3 SECTORAL OBSTACLES ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.3.1 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................................................. 42 4.3.2 AGRO-BIODIVERSITY..................................................................................................................... 43 4.3.3 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................... 44 5.0 STRATEGIC CHOICES.................................................................................................................. 45 5.1 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIC CHOICES ........................................................................... 45 5.2 AGRO BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIC CHOICES ................................................................................. 51 5.3 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIC CHOICES ................................................................. 57 6.0 PART II ACTION PLAN.................................................................................................................. 62 6.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................... 63 6.3 AGRO-BIODIVERSITY .......................................................................................................................... 72 6.4.TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................... 84 PART III IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE .......................................................................................... 98 7.0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE................................................................................................... 99 7.1 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ................................................................ 99 7.2 AGRO-BIODIVERSITY IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE .................................................................... 104 7.3 TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ........................................................ 108 8.0 MONITORING............................................................................................................................... 112 8.1 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY ...........................................................................................................................