ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ Tallurutiup Tariunga Inulik Inuit Participation in Determining the Future of Lancaster Sound February 2012 ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᓇᐃᓈᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᓴᑦ . .i 1.0 ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᖕᓂᑦ . .1 2.0 ᖃᓄᐃᒻᒪ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ? . .1 3.0 ᒫᓐᓇᐅᔪᖅ . .3 4.0 ᑭᒡᓕᓕᐅᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᐊᑐᐊᖅᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ . .5 5.0 ᑭᒡᓕᓕᐅᕐᓗᓂ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ . .7 6.0 ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᐅᑉ ᐱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᑉ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ . .9 7.0 ᓄᖅᑲᕈᑎ . .11 ᐅᐃᒍᖓ ᐃ - ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᙳᐊᑦ . .13 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 1: ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ . .. .15 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 2: ᑲᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓯᒪᕕᒋᓲᖏᑦ . 16 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 3: ᐊᖑᓇᓱᕝᕕᐅᓲᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᙳᐊᓂᑦ- ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᑦ- ᐊᐃᕕᕐᓂᑦ . .17 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 4: ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᖃᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᒻᒥᐊᕋᓱᕝᕕᐅᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂᓗ. .18 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 5: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᕝᕙᑦᑎᐊᕙᖏᑦ ᓇᓐᓄᒐᓱᕝᕕᐅᓲᑦ . 19 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 6: ᐃᒃᐱᐊᕐᔪᖕᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᕝᕙᖏᓐᓂ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᐃᑦ (ᑑᒑᓖᑦ) . .20 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 7: ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒻᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᓯᕝᕙᖏᓐᓂ ᓇᑦᑏᑦ. .. 21 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 8: ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓄᐃᑦ- ᐊᐃᕖᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ . .22 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 9: ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᑦᑏᑦ- ᖃᐃᕈᓖᑦ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᓐᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ . .23 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 10: ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᖃᕐᕖᑦ, ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓯᒪᔪᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ . .24 ᐅᐃᒍᖓ ᐱ - ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᒡᓕᒋᔭᐅᖁᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒫᓐᓇ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᒍᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦ . .25 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 11: ᒥᖑᐃᕐᓯᕐᕕᓕᐊᖑᔪᒪᓯᒪᔪᖅ 2010 ᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᕐᓱᐊᓗᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᕈᑏᑦ . .27 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 12: ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᔅᓴᓄᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᓕᐅᕐᕕᐅᔪᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦ 1986, 1989 ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 2010 . .28 ᓄᓇᙳᐊᖅ 13: ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑑᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ. 29 ᐅᐃᒍᖓ ᑎ - ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓕᓵᕐᓂᑯᑦ . .30 ᐅᐃᒍᖓ ᑭ - ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᕕᒃᓴᐃᑦ . .40 Table of Contents Executive Summary . .i 1.0 Introduction to National Marine Conservation Areas . .2 2.0 Why Lancaster Sound? . .4 3.0 Current Context . .6 4.0 Boundary Selection Process . .6 5.0 Boundary Considerations . .8 6.0 Beyond Project Feasibility . .10 7.0 Conclusion . .10 Appendix A - Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit Mapping . .14 Map 1: Communities and Inuit Owned Lands . .15 Map 2: Total Community Land Use Areas . 16 Map 3: High Value Hunting Areas Narwhal-Beluga Whale-Walrus . .17 Map 4: High Value Resource and Hunting Areas . .18 Map 5: Inuit Value Hunting Areas Polar Bear . .19 Map 6: Arctic Bay Land Use Narwhal . .20 Map 7: Pond Inlet Inuit Land Use Ringed Seal . .21 Map 8: Resolute Inuit TK Polar Bear-Walrus Ecology/Migration . .22 Map 9: Resolute Inuit TK Seabird Ecology/Migration . .23 Map 10: Archaeological, Historical and Present Day Seasonal Campsites . .24 Appendix B - Federal Boundary Proposals and Existing Mineral Rights . .26 Map 11: Proposed Marine Park 2010 and Oil Leases . .27 Map 12: NMCA Federal Boundary Proposal 1986, 1989 and 2010 . .28 Map 13: English Place Names . .29 Appendix C - Recent Marine Mammal Science . .31 Appendix D - References . .49 ᓇᐃᓈᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᓴᑦ ᐅᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᐊᓕᐊᖅ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᒃ; ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᓂ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᒻᒥ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᒃᓴᐅᓇᓱᒃᑐᖅ ( NMCA ), ᐊᒻᒪ, ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᖑᐃᕐᓯᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓂ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᒍᒪᓂᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᑦᑕᖓᒍᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᖓᓂ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ ᑭᓲᒻᒪᖔᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ NMCA, ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓂ ᖃᐅᓂᓕᐅᕐᓂᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᓗ ᓴᖅᑮᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᑭᒡᓖᑦ ᓇᐅᒃᑰᖓᖁᔭᐅᒻᒪᖔᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒌᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᐊᑑᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᕗᖅ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓯᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᒻᒥ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᖃᑎᖃᕈᒫᖅᐳᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐃᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᙳᐊᓂᑦ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᒻᒪᕆᒃᑐᓂᑦ ᓇᐃᓈᖅᓯᒪᓗᑎᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᐸᑦᑕᖏᑕ ᓇᔪᖅᐸᑦᑕᖏᓐᓂᓗ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ. ᑖᔅᓱᒪ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑉ ᐅᐃᒍᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᐃᓈᖅᓯᒪᔪᑕᖃᕐᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓕᓵᕐᓂᑯᑦ Courtesy: NTI/Celina Satuqsi ᒥᔅᓵᓅᖓᔪᑦ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᐅᓇ NMCA ᐊᔾᔨᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ/ᓴᓖᓇ ᓴᑐᖅᓯ ᐃᒪᐃᑦᑕᕆᐊᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓲᖑᕗᖅ, ᓴᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᕐᓱᐊᓗᐃᑦ ᒑᓰᓪᓗ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕋᔭᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᒐᓱᐊᖏᑦᑎᐊᒻᒪᕆᓪᓗᑎᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᐹᒥ, ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᓂᓗ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑕᕋᓴᓄᑦ ᐃᒫᒃ Lancaster Sound, ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑕᐅᓲᖅ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᐊᑎᓕᒃ, ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ, ᑐᑭᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᐃᒫᒃ “ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᖕᓄᑦ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ” ᐊᒻᒪᓗ - “ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ.” ᐊᖏᕐᕋᕆᔭᐅᔪᑎᑐᑦ ᑕᐅᑐᒃᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᐸᖓᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊᑦ ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᔫᑉ ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᓪᓚᖃᑎᖃᓕᕌᖓᒥᒃ. ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ i Executive Summary This report has two purposes; to provide Nunavut Land Claims Beneficiaries with an introduction to the proposed Lancaster Sound National Marine Conservation Area (NMCA), and, to inform Parks Canada, the Government of Nunavut and those interested of Inuit perspectives on marine conservation. This report explains what an NMCA is, the history surrounding interests in Lancaster Sound, the importance of where boundaries are suggested, and discussion on the realities of Inuit coooperative management in Nunavut. The report is a tool for North Baffin communities to help create an NMCA. QIA’s main plan is to work with communities to Courtesy: NTI/Glenn Williams prepare a comprehensive set of maps depicting ᐊᔾᔨᖃᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ/ᒋᓕᐊᓐ ᐅᐃᓕᐊᒻᔅ Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. This report provides a summary of Inuit land use and occupancy and recent marine mammal science. These combined ways of knowing can be used to define a common vision of conservation. One noteworthy feature of a NMCA is that once established, exploration and development of oil and gas will be prohibited. Finally, and most importantly, while known to most Canadians as Lancaster Sound, Inuit refer to this region as Tallurutiup Tariunga. This report has been titled, Tallurutiup Tariunga Inulik, which means “Lancaster Sound has people” and also “Lancaster Sound has Inuit.” It is from the perspective of a homeland that QIA approaches discussions related to this great region. Tallurutiup Tariunga Inulik Inuit Participation in Determining the Future of Lancaster Sound ii 1.0 ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᓕᒫᓂᑦ, ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᖕᓂᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐆᒻᒪᖅᑯᑎᒃᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ, ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᒃᓴᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐸᕐᓇᒍᑎᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᖃᕐᓗᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᒥᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕖᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓲᖑᕗᑦ ᐃᓂᒃᓴᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᒐᔭᖅᑐᒥᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓂᖏᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᕋᔭᕐᒥᔪᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᒍᑎᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᒪᓕᒡᓗᒍ (‘ the Act ’) ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕐᓂᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ (2002). ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᕗᖅ NMCA ᐃᒪᐃᖁᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ: ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᕕᒃᓴᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᒍᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖁᑎᖏᓐᓃᓪᓗᑎᒡᓗ, ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᕐᒨᖓᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᔪᒐᐃᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᓴᖅᑮᓗᓂ ᐱᖓᓲᓕᖅᑲᖓᕗᖅ; ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᓗᓂ, ᖃᓄᐃᓕᒐᔭᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐸᕐᓈᕆᔭᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᒃᓴᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᒥ ᐸᕐᓇᒍᑎᖃᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᑦᑎᐊᒍᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᖅᑖᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᓱᓐᓂᒃᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᐃᕙᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᖓᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐃᓕᓴᖅᓯᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᒥᖑᐃᕐᓯᕐᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᕗᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᑦᑎᐊᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᖓᓂᖃᕐᒪᑕ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐅᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓄᑦ, ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᔪᒐᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓴᙱᒃᑎᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᐃᓂᖓ ᓴᖅᑭᒃᓯᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓇᐅᑦᑎᖅᓱᕐᓂᕐᒥᓗ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓂᒃ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᖅᓯᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᖅᓯᑎᑦᑎᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᒍᑎᒃᓴᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓄᖕᓂᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂᒡᓗ (ᓲᕐᓗ ᓄᓇᑖᕈᑎᒧᑦ ᐱᕙᓕᐊᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᓗ) ᓴᖅᑭᒃᐸᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᖅᑖᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᐃᕙᒍᑎᖏᓐᓂᒃ. ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᖏᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒡᓗ ᑕᕆᐅᕐᒥ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᐱᑕᖃᓕᕈᑎᒃ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᒃᑲᓐᓂᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 2.0 ᖃᓄᐃᒻᒪ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ? ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᒥᓗ ᐊᓯᐅᑎᑦᑎᙱᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᓱᓕᓗ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒃᑲᓐᓂᒍᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ 1970 s ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᖃᓚᐅᕐᓯᒪᖕᒪ ᐃᒪᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔩᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᕐᓱᐊᓗᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᐃᓪᓘᓐᓃ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᓕᖕᓂᑦ. ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᒐᓱᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᐊᓂᐅᔪᓪᓗ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᕙᑉᐳᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᓪᓗ ᓱᓐᓂᒃᓯᒪᖏᓐᓂᖓ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᒥᖑᐃᖅᓯᕐᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᒍᑎᖏᓐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᖅᖢᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᓂ. ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᓘᔭᖅᑐᖃᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᓲᕐᓗ ᐳᓚᕋᑦᑐᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᕐᒥᒃ, ᑲᑎᒪᔪᖃᑲᑕᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᐃᓄᓕᒫᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᐃᑦ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᕗᓕᐅᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓇᐅᑦᑎᖅᓱᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᑕᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐱᕙᓕᐊᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒡᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᒃᑲᓐᓂᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ, ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔾᔪᑎᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᔪᑦ. ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᓯᒪᓕᕈᓂ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐃᓱᓕᒃᖢᓂ Green Paper- ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᒐᔭᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᕿᓂᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᖑᓂᕋᖅᑕᒥᒃ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᒥᒃᓵᓅᖓᓪᓗᓂ ( Dirschl ᑎᒍᓯᓂᕐᒥᓪᓗ ᐅᕐᓱᐊᓗᒃᓴᓂᑦ, ᐅᔭᓐᓂᐊᒐᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᓄᐊᑕᐅᓯᒪᓗᑎᒃ 1982 ). ᑖᓐᓇ Green Paper ᓄᖅᑲᕈᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᐳᖅ ᒪᑯᓂᖓ ᐅᕝᕙᓗ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᙱᑦᑐᑦ. ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᓯᐊᒎᕐᕕᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᒧᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᑦ; ᑐᒃᓯᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᕙᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᒍᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓯᒪᒌᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖅᑕᖃᙱᑉᐳᑦ 1) ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᙱᑦᑎᐊᒻᒪᕆᓪᓗᓂ, ᒥᖑᐃᕐᓯᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᒃᓴᒥᒃ ᓴᖅᖀᕙᓪᓕᐊᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᕆᐅᖅ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓂᒃᑯᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᒃᑲᓐᓂᒐᒃᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᒪᑯᐊᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᒍᑦ: ᑐᓴᐊᒪᑎᑦᑎᑦᑎᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ, ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔭᐅᖏᓪᓗᑎᒃ; ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓ ᐃᓄᓕᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖓᑕ ᓯᕗᓂᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ 1 sustainable use of marine resources as well as areas 1.0 Introduction to National Marine offering full protection special features and sensitive Conservation Areas elements. NMCAs are managed or cooperatively managed by Parks Canada, which includes National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs) are operational aspects such as visitation, education, federally established marine conservation areas resource management, research and monitoring created under the Canada National Marine initiatives, management plan development and Conservation Areas Act (‘ the Act ’) (2002). As review, and, the development of regulations described under the Act an NMCA is meant to be supporting conservation area goals. Once created, a representative of healthy marine ecosystems, in one NMCA prohibits the exploration or exploitation of of the marine regions of Canada, contribute to hydrocarbons, minerals, aggregates or any other international efforts related to protected area inorganic matter. establishment, consider implications for ecosystems in marine conservation area planning and Given the unique circumstances surrounding each management, provide opportunities for people to proposed NMCA there is no predefined process enjoy and appreciate natural and cultural marine guiding the establishment of a NMCA beyond heritage, recognize the social, cultural and economic fulfilling the following requirements: conducting well-being of coastal communities, provide meaningful consultations with Aboriginal people, opportunities for ecologically sustainable use of local organizations and other