E NDNOTES 10 Sydney Mufamadi, interview by Tony Trew, 37 Scott MacLeod, ‘Nelson Mandela: I Am Endnotes Johannesburg, 29 May 2015. No Prophet’, TIME, 26 February 1990. 11 Ibid. 38 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 8–9. 12 Ibid. 39 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 9. 13 NM in conversation with Richard Stengel, 40 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 9–10. Johannesburg, c. April/May 1993, CD 61, 41 NM to Winnie Mandela in Kroonstad NMF, Johannesburg. Prison, 1 February 1975, in Conversations 14 Ibid. With Myself (London: Macmillan, 2010), 15 Ferdi Hartzenberg, interview by Padraig p. 212. O’Malley, 25 August 1992, O’Malley 42 Niël Barnard, Secret Revolution, pp. 24–5. Archive, Nelson Mandela Foundation. 43 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p.10. 16 Jessie Duarte interviewed by John Carlin, 44 Carl von Clausewitz, On War (Berlin, 1832). Frontline, PBS Frontline website. 45 Jonathan Hyslop, ‘Mandela on War’, in 17 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 3. The Cambridge Companion to Nelson Mandela, 18 Ibid. edited by Rita Barnard (Cambridge: 19 NM, televised address to the nation on the Cambridge University Press, 2014), p. 179. ABBREVIATIONS 9 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 1. 46 10 NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p. 651. murder of Chris Hani, 13 April 1993. NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 10. 20 47 11 Wilson Ngqose, interview by Mandla Langa, Constand Viljoen, interview by Tony Trew, ANCLH: ANC Luthuli House NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 1. AP: Associated Press 12 Johannesburg, 17 December 2016. Pretoria, 19 September 2015. NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 1–2. 21 48 NASA: National Archives of South Africa 13 NM in conversation with Richard Stengel, Agostinho Neto, ‘Haste’, Sacred Hope, Martin Challenor, ‘Victory for Alliance’, NCOP: National Council of Provinces Johannesburg, c. April/May 1993, CD 61, translated by Marga Holness (Dar es Daily News, 22 February 1994. 49 NEC: National Executive Committee (of the ANC) NMF, Johannesburg. Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House, 1974). Princeton Lyman, Partner to History: 22 NM: Nelson Mandela 14 Valli Moosa, interview by Tony Trew, NM, speech to the Angolan National The US Role in South Africa’s Transition NMF: Nelson Mandela Foundation Cape Town, 8 September 2014. Assembly, Luanda, 29 April 1998. (Washington, DC: United States Institute of 23 NMPP: Nelson Mandela’s Private Papers 15 Chris Hani, in They Shaped Our Century: Peace, 2002) pp. 171–9; Accord on Afrikaner NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p. 751. 16 The Most Influential South Africans of the Self-Determination, 23 April 1994, O’Malley SABC: South African Broadcasting Corporation Václav Havel, source unknown. SAPA: South African Press Association 17 Twentieth Century (Cape Town: Human & Archive. Barbara Masekela, interview by Tony Trew, 50 TRC: Truth and Reconciliation Commission Cape Town, 28 August 2014. Rousseau, 1999), in NM, ‘The Presidential NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 10. 51 18 Years’, p. 3. Bill Keller, ‘The South African Vote: The NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 7. 24 19 One such poll was Markinor’s November Overview; More Bombings Rattle South PREFACE NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 7–8. 20 1992 survey sampling African, coloured and Africans’, New York Times, 26 April 1994. Hugh Macmillan, The Lusaka Years: 52 1 All quotations from NM’s speech to the The ANC in Exile in Zambia 1963–1994 Indian communities in metropolitan areas James Baldwin, No Name in the Street, Fiftieth National Conference of the ANC, (Johannesburg: Jacana Media, 2013), p. 258. and whites nationally. (London: Michael Joseph, 1972), p. 82. 25 Mafikeng, 16 December 1997. NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 4. 26 CHAPTER TWO: NEGOTIATING NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 8. CHAPTER THREE: A FREE AND 27 CHAPTER ONE: THE CHALLENGE DEMOCRACY Weekly Mail, 30 April 1993. FAIR ELECTION 28 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 9. OF FREEDOM 1 1 Robin Denselow, When the Music’s Over: 29 Hermann Giliomee, The Afrikaners: David Yutar, ‘No-show Troopies may face 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson, ‘Self-Reliance’, in The Story of Political Pop (London: Faber and Biography of a People (London: C. Hurst & prosecution’, The Argus, 12 May 1994. 2 Essays (Boston: 1841). Republished in 1847 Faber, 1990), p. 276. Co, 2003), p. 646. Johann Kriegler, interview by Tony Trew, 2 30 Johannesburg, 2 February 2016. as Essays: First Series. NM, address to a rally in Cape Town on his Georg Meiring, interview with Hermann 3 2 ‘SA is Rendered Lawless and Ungovernable’, release from prison, Cape Town City Hall, Giliomee, 11 November 2002, in Hermann Ibid. 4 City Press, 18 April 2015. Cape Town, 11 February 1990. Giliomee, The Afrikaners: Biography of a Ibid. 5 3 NM, Long Walk to Freedom: The 3 Zoë Wicomb, ‘Nelson Mandela’, New Yorker, People, p. 646. S. Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy Autobiography of Nelson Mandela (London: 16 December 2013. 31 Martin Luther King, Jr, ‘Nobel Lecture: (London: Heinemann, 1969). 6 4 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 12–13. Abacus, 1994; citations from 2013 edition), NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p. 690. The Quest for Peace and Justice’, 7 p. 626. 5 Scott Kraft, ‘ANC President Tambo Returns 11 December 1964. Robert Mattes, Hermann Giliomee and 4 C. L. R James, preface to The Black Jacobins to SA After a 30-Year Exile’, Los Angeles 32 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 9. Wilmot James, Launching Democracy in (London: Secker & Warburg, 1938). Times, 14 December 1990. 33 Ibid. South Africa: The First Open Election, April 5 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p.1, NMF, 6 NM, interview by James Lorimer and Des 34 Joseph R. Gregory, ‘P. W. Botha, Defender of 1994, edited by R. W. Johnson and Lawrence Johannesburg, 1998. Latham, Mandela’s home, Vilakazi Street, Apartheid, is Dead at 90’, New York Times, Schlemmer, April 1994 (New Haven, CT: 6 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 1. Orlando West, Soweto, 15 February 1990, 1 November 2006. Yale University Press, 1996), p. 129. 8 7 Niël Barnard, Secret Revolution (Cape Town: Paddi Clay collection. 35 Hugh Robertson, ‘Intrigue Over “New” Johannes Rantete, The African National Tafelberg, 2015), p. 245. 7 NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p. 706. Offer to the Alliance’, Daily News, Congress and Negotiated Settlement in South 8 NMF, press release, ‘Ahmed Kathrada 8 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 2. 2 March 1994. Africa (Pretoria: J. L. Van Schaik, 1998), Remembers Reuniting With Madiba After 9 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 3. 36 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 9. p. 243. His Release’, 13 February 2015. DARE NOT LINGER E NDNOTES 9 15 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 13–14. Johannesburg, 30 April 2015. Walter Sisulu, interview by Sahm Venter, CHAPTER FIVE: NATIONAL UNITY 10 33 ‘“Dirty Tricks” Election Row’, The Argus, Ibid. Cape Town, October 1994. 1 8 April 1994. 34 Ibid. 16 Trevor Manuel, interview by Tony Trew, Andries Nel, notes made on the day, 9 May 11 35 1994, private collection. Ibid. Ibid. Johannesburg, 10 September 2014. 2 12 Thabo Mbeki, interview by Joel Netshitenzhe 36 Barbara Masekela, interview by Tony Trew, 17 Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, interview by Trevor Manuel, interview by Tony Trew, and Tony Trew, Johannesburg, 17 December Cape Town, 28 August 2014. Tony Trew, Durban, 26 February 2016. Johannesburg, 10 September 2014. 3 2014. 37 NM, address to the people of Cape Town on 18 Mary Mxadana, interview by Sahm Venter, Ibid. 4 13 Tito Mboweni, interview by Tony Trew, NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 14–15. his election as president of South Africa, City Cape Town, October 1994. 14 19 Johannesburg, 12 September 2014. NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 15. Hall, Cape Town, 9 May 1994. NM, interview by Charlayne Hunter-Gault, 5 15 Charles Oulton, ‘South African Elections: 38 Jessie Duarte, interview by Tony Trew, MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour, PBS, 6 May 1994, Rapport, 31 July 1994, in David Welsh, Huddleston Casts His Vote and Rejoices’, Johannesburg, 15 July 2014. from ‘South Africa: Pres Elect Interview’, ‘Coalition Government’, in State of the Independent, 26 April 1994. 39 NM, statement at his inauguration as AP Archive, story no. W066632. Nation, p. 46. 6 16 Paul Taylor, ‘Historic Election Begins in president of the democratic Republic of 20 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 4–5. Nelson Mandela, interview by BBC, October South Africa,’ Washington Post, South Africa, Union Buildings, Pretoria, 21 Neal Chapman and Peter Wrighton, ‘Civil 1993, NMF tapes, BBC Tape M8, NMF, 27 April 1994. 10 May 1994. society: The Role of Business and the Johannesburg. 7 17 40 Padraig O’Malley, Shades of Difference: NM, Long Walk to Freedom, p. 742. Adrian Hadland, ‘Let’s Build a Great SA’, Churches in Facilitating Transition’, in South 18 Mac Maharaj and the Struggle for South Africa NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 15–16. Business Day, Wednesday, 11 May 1994. Africa at 10: Perspectives by Political, Business 19 41 (New York: Viking Penguin, 2007), NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 15. ‘F. W. de Klerk: Mandela Held My Hand for and Civil Leaders (Cape Town: Human & 20 pp. 400–402. This was said by Judge Johann Kriegler All to See’, City Press, 6 December 2013. Rousseau, 2004), p. 29. 8 as chair of the Independent Electoral 42 Adrian Hadland, ‘Let’s Build a Great SA’, 22 Tito Mboweni, interview by Tony Trew, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Commission; Peter Harris, Birth: Business Day, Wednesday, 11 May 1994. Johannesburg, 12 September 2014. 1996, chapter six: The National Executive, The Conspiracy to Stop the ’94 Election 43 NM, speech at the luncheon following his 23 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, pp. 17–18. clause 89 (2). 9 (Cape Town: Umuzi, 2010), inauguration, Cape Town, 10 May 1994, 24 NM, ‘The Presidential Years’, p. 18. Jakes Gerwel, interview by Padraig O’Malley, pp.