Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02931-6 - Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Edited by Olga Tribulato Index More information GENERAL INDEX Acrae, 25, 199 dialects (of modern Sicily), 50, 324 Acron of Agrigentum, 249 diglossia, 42, 74, 227, 248, 295 Aeolian islands, 6, 8 digraphism, 315–16 Agathocles, 228 Diodorus of Agyrion (Diodorus Siculus), Agrigentum, 313, 327, 329 358 Akragas (see also Agrigentum), 126, 200 Dionysius I, 227 Alcman, 269, 271, 272, 273–8, 286 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 58, 63, 64 Alexandria, 266, 270, 280, 281–2 Dinolochus, 252, 256, 258, 262 Alfius, 93 Dorians (in Sicily), 22 alpha siculum, 71, 73 Doric comedy, 251–2, 258 Antiatticist, 252–4, 255, 258, 261, 263 Doric dialect in Sicily, 18, 40, 57, 191, Antiochus of Syracuse, 53, 62, 280 193, 198–221, 225, 249, 251, Archestratus of Gela, 287 254–6, 262–4, 305 Aristophanes of Byzantium, 252 ‘Doric koina’, 41, 193, 223, 230–4, Augustus (and Octavian), 299, 300 238–9, 245–9, 282 Ausonian culture, 8 Ducetius, 57, 59 Dunbabin, T. J., 22 Bernabo` Brea, Luigi, 5, 8 bilingualism, 4, 21, 37, 74, 291, 293, Elymian, 66, 95, 96, 111–14, 164, 176, 295–6, 322, 360, 361–7 177 coin legends, 96, 109, 111, 176–9 Caecilius of Caleacte, 358 inscriptions, 97–100, 110 Caesar, 299 morphology, 112–13 calque, 311, 313, 314–15, 321 onomastics, 113, 154–61 Camarina, 23, 25, 36, 86, 199, 309 phonology, 111–12 Carthage (role in Sicily), 29, 115, 125, 228 Elymians (see also ïElumoi), 24, 27, 29, 55, Casmenae, 25, 199 95, 177 Castiglione di Ragusa, 22, 25, 26 Elymian area, 30, 31, 95, 114 ‘Castiglione warrior’, 26, 36, 88 material culture, 30 Catania, 193, 300, 329, 339, 356 name of, 56 Centuripe, 9, 64 origin of, 29, 56, 61 Chalcidians (in Sicily), 22 use of the Greek alphabet, 22, 31, 79, Charondas, 43 100–11 Cicero, 319, 358 beta, 107–9 coinage in Sicily, 162–4, 182–6, 187 ‘reversed ny’, 109–10 colonial culture (of Sicily), 16, 39, 41, 287 Empedocles, 39, 66 colonialism (modern), 19 Entella, 92, 95 colonization (Greek), 10, 12, 17–20, 23, Entella tables, 37, 44, 140, 141, 145 31, 50, 57, 149 Epicharmus, 39, 40, 66, 89, 251, 252, 253, Cyrenaean, 269 255, 256, 258, 261, 267, 274 412 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02931-6 - Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Edited by Olga Tribulato Index More information general index epigraphy and inscriptions (in Sicily), 42, perfect with present endings, 232 43, 44, 74, 198 post-classical, 224–6 contracts, 240–2 spirantization of /th/and/ph/, 209 curse tablets (and defixiones), 44, 77, vs Latin in Roman Sicily, 34, 35, 291–2, 243–4, 248, 305 296, 300, 301, 303, 304, 319–25, epigraphic culture, 43, 323, 324, 365 339–41, 350, 352–3, 354–9, 361 funerary, 32, 34, 43, 44, 295, 310, 320, Grotta Regina, 123 339–47, 354 in the Hellenistic age, 44, 196, 244, 245, Hebrew (in Sicily), 366 296–7, 298–9 Hellanicus of Lesbos, 53, 62, 95 in the native languages, 59, 70–4 Hellenization, 28, 32, 59, 60, 94 in the Roman age, 33, 229–30, 293–4, Hesychius, 65, 69, 80 299–302, 309, 312–13, 319–20, Hiero I, 283 322, 331, 348 Hiero II, 33, 44, 228 magical, 357–8 Himera, 57, 193, 194 metrical, 45 Hippocrates, 26 private, 34, 73, 110, 198, 225, 240, 319, Hybla, 5, 25 324, 352 hybridity, 16, 20–2, 27, 35, 38, 39, 40, 286, public, 32, 34, 42, 44, 198, 225, 231, 287 247, 296, 298, 304, 324, 350 Eryx, 28, 29, 95, 124, 125, 176, 181 Ionic dialect in Sicily, 57, 191, 192, 193–7 Eudoxus, 134, 136 koine, 225, 226, 229, 235–7, 239, 244, Firmicus Maternus, 359 246–8, 251, 253, 254–6, 262–4 koineisms, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252 Gela, 49, 86, 200, 201, 217 koineization, 226, 365 Gela (river), 24, 135, 167 Kokalos, 11 Gelon, 27 Gorgias, 39, 287 Lanuvium, 63 graphemic influence, 309, 340, 346.See Latin in Sicily, 34, 291–2, 304, 307–9, also graphic interference 324, 334, 348, 350, 353, 356–7, graphic interference, 321 361. See also under Greek in Sicily Grassmann’s Law, 208 Latinization, 32, 335 Greek in Sicily Lentini, 6, 8, 23, 58, 193 allegro pronunciation, 216 Lilybaeum, 34, 118, 121, 128, 305, 306, athematic dative plural ending in -essi, 308 18, 210, 217, 221, 231, 233, 267 literary culture (of Sicily), 16, 38–42, 45, athematic infinitive ending in -mein, 18, 182, 284–8, 358–60 215, 232 conjugation in -Ûw, 231 Mamercus, 93, 94, 139 dialect convergence, 2, 18, 217–19, 222, Mamertini (and Mamertines), 91, 92, 93, 224 146, 147, 228 dialect levelling, 226, 233–4, 246 Megara Hyblaea, 199 fricativization, 216 Mendolito di Adrano, 9, 73, 78 hyperdialectalisms, 248 mercenaries, 51, 60, 87, 91–4, 138–9, 141, intradialectal differentiation, 215–19 145, 146, 147, 299, 309 Latin influence on, 249, 255, 317, 351 mercenary coinage, 186 mitior (Doric) vocalism, 18, 217–18, Messana (see also Zancle), 91, 138, 140, 268, 269, 273, 276 141, 146, 321 413 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02931-6 - Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Edited by Olga Tribulato Index More information general index migration (linguistic evidence for), 329–47 Probus, 359 Milqart, 116 protocolonization, 11, 14 Mithaecus of Syracuse, 249, 287 Punics Molino della Badia, 6, 8, 10 inscriptions of, 119, 123, 130 Montagna di Marzo, 71, 78, 86 language of, 115, 126, 130, 317, 318 Morgantina, 6 presence in Sicily, 29, 124, 125, 126, morphological influence, 303 306, 307, 317, 320–1, 362–4 Motya, 16, 28, 118, 119, 128, 129 multilingualism, 4, 35, 296, 316, 367–9 Ragusa, 20 Mycenaeans (in Sicily), 11, 12, 13 regional diversification, 35 Romanization, 31–5, 298 Nakone, 92, 142, 145 Naxos, 193 S. Angelo Muxaro, 9 network, 7, 11, 15 S. Margherita Belice, 10 Sabellian languages, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, onomastics, 36, 37, 366, 367 85 as evidence for bi- and multilingualism, Salso river, 24 21, 35–8, 85–9, 150–61, 305–7, Samnites, 92, 135 341–6 Sciri, 25, 74 indigenous, 59, 74, 77, 82–6, 150–61 Segesta, 28, 29, 64, 95, 125, 176, 314, Latin nomenclature, 38, 306, 336–8 315 See also under individual languages Selinous, 28, 36, 37, 85, 105, 125, 198, Ortygia, 20, 23 199, 202 Oscan, 132, 135, 139 Sextus Clodius (rhetorician), 358 onomastics, 140–5 Sextus Pompeius, 299 texts from Sicily, 139–41 Shadrapa, 123 Oscans, 37 Sicanian, 24, 66, 71, 72, 164, 165 ownership formulas, 76, 177, 178 place names, 25, 164–6 Sicans, 7, 24, 55, 61, 65 Palermo, 28, 119, 122, 300, 319 inscriptions of, 71, 72, 73, 164 Panormos (and Panormus), see Palermo material culture of, 9, 72 Pantalica, 5, 7, 8 origin of, 56, 60–5 Paschasinus of Marsala, 355 See also Sikan»v, Sikano© peninsular influence on Sicily, 8, 9 Sicel, 24, 66, 67, 77, 164, 166 Pervigilium Veneris, 359 anaptyxis, 80 Philistus of Syracuse, 53, 58, 62, 280 aspirate consonants, 75 Phoenician, 17, 115–17, 126–9 fricativization, 169 coin legends, 180 influence from Greek, 74–7 morphology, 128 place names, 167–70 onomastics, 121–2, 129 spirantization, 69, 79 phonology, 127–8 vocalism, 80 syntax, 128–9 voiced stops, 79, 170, 173 Phoenicians, 11, 14–17, 27, 117 Sicels, 6, 55, 61, 65 inscriptions of, 119 inscriptions of, 71, 72 linguistic open-mindedness of, 16 material culture of, 9, 72 scripts, 117, 129–30 origin of, 56, 60–5, 86 Pisani, Vittore, 66 ‘Sicel invasion’ of Sicily, 6, 7, 8 post-colonial studies, 19, 20, 25 use of the Greek alphabet, 21, 79 precolonization, 11, 14 See also Sikel»v, Sikelo© 414 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02931-6 - Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Edited by Olga Tribulato Index More information general index Sicily Syracuse, 23, 25, 26, 34, 40, 41, 199, 227, alphabetic varieties of, 18, 194, 201–2, 280, 281–4, 300, 301, 304, 311, 235 328, 337, 339, 341, 342, 344, 346, dialectal map of, 18 362 east, 23–7, 301, 354 Syriac (in Sicily), 367 Hellenistic, 33, 41, 44, 45, 227, 249, 292, 297 Tauromenion, 300, 334 in the Bronze Age, 5 pinakes of, 63 in the Christian era, 353–8 Telestes of Syracuse, 45 in the early Empire, 292, 300–2, 327, Thapsos, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12 330, 347–9, 352 Theocritus, 41, 284 in the late Empire, 35, 323, 327, language of, 266, 270, 271, 272, 273–8 338–47, 349–51 Thermae Himerae, 300, 312, 334 prehistoric, 5 Thucydides, 53, 61 Roman, 32, 33, 38, 229, 303, 322, 326, Timaeus of Tauromenion, 58, 280 327–69 Timoleon, 228 west, 27–31, 34, 37, 201, 301, 302, 305, Tyndaris, 300 308, 312, 320 slave trade, 332 Vallet, Georges, 22 Soluntum, 28, 124 Sophron, 66, 252, 253, 256, writing in Sicily, 49, 59, 73. See also under 267 individual peoples and languages Stesichorus, 39, 91, 286 Strabo, 135 Zancle (see also Messana), 56, 68, 167, Syracusan dialect, 267, 268, 269 184–6, 193 415 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02931-6 - Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily Edited by Olga Tribulato Index More information INDEX OF WORDS IN OTHER LANGUAGES Greek Note: spelling of words quoted in Chapters 7 and 8 (which cite dialectal words without diacritics) has been normalized to follow common practice.