Exorcism in Islam by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips Submitted infulfillment for therequire ment of the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy University of Wales Saint David's University College LAMPETER September, 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration.. ................................................................................................ v • Acknowledgment.............•.••.•...•.•.......•.•....•......•.•..... ....................•...•.•...••.• VI ... ................................ ·........... ...................... ................... Abstract .... .. ....... vii... S ystem o fTrans 11terat1on.. ......................................................................... V111 Introduction. ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One: The Spirit-World............... .................................................... 4 The Human Spirit.... .... � ......................................................................... 4 0 .. ngm ............................................................................................. 7 Form................................ ...................................•........................ 10 Death .......................................................................................... 14 The Soul's Abode AfterDeath .................................................... �. 16 Souls of the Prophets ............................................................ 17 Souls of the M s ............................................................. 17 Souls of the Believers ........................................................... 18 Souls of the Disbelievers ....................................................... 18 Contact with the Living••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 Conclusion .................................................................................. 22 The An.g.els .......................................................................................... 22 0 ngin .......................................................................................... 23 Created ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 Light ..................................................................................... 24 • . Before Man. ................................... .............. .......... ..........' .... 24 F Olm-- .......................................................................... , ................ 25 Invisible.. .............................................................................. 25 Non-Human •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 Beautiful••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 27 Visible .................................................................................. 27 Neuter .................................................................................. 28 . Names. .... ................................................................................... 29 Jibril... ................................................................................... 29 Mika'il•• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 Isra.fil. ................................................................................... 3 O Malik.. ................................................................................... 31 Munkar and Nakir. ................................................................ 31 Harilt and Marilt.. .......................•..•....................................... 31 Others ................................................................................... 32 Abilities ........................................................................................ 33 Control .................................................................................. 33 • Thoughts ............................................................................... 33 Mobility ............................................................................... 34 Obedience ............................................................................. 34 Relationshipswith Humans ........................................................... 34 Birth...... ............................................................................... 34 I . nsp1rat1on .....................••.............•...•....••..............•............... 35 Recording ..............................................................................36 Praying ..................................................................................36 Death ....................................................................................37 Questioning ...........................................................................38 Guardian 38 Conclusion ............................................................................... ................................................................................... 39 The Jinn .............................................................................................. 39 Reality .......................................................................................... 41 Origin ........................................................................................... 44 Death ........................................................................................... 45 Satan (Ar. Shayjan) ...................................................................... 46 Form ............................................................................................ 53 Invisible ................................................................................. 53 Visible ................................................................................... 56 Categories .................................................................................... 57 Aerial .................................................................................... 57 Animal 59 .................................................................................. Earthbound 61 ........................................................................... Abilities 61 ........................................................................................ Eat Drink 61 and ........................................................................ Cohabitation 63 .......................................................................... Freewill 64 ................................................................................. Mobility 65 ................................................................................ Relationships Humans 66 with ........................................................... Dreams 66 .................................................................................. Thoughts ............................................................................... 67 Homes ................................................................................... 67 Birth ...................................................................................... 68 Sickness ................................................................................ 68 Death .................................................................................... 69 Cohabitation 69 Conclusion .......................................................................... ................................................................................... 74 Chapter Two: Spirit-Possession 75 Terminology ................................................................. ........................................................................................ 75 Reality ................................................................................................. 76 Evidence for Possession 78 ............................................................... Qur'Anic Evidence 78 ................................................................. Evidence from the Sunnah 80 ..................................................... Logical Evidence 82 ................................................................... Evidence Against Possession 83 ........................................................ Qur"anic Evidence 83 ................................................................. Logical Evidence ................................................................... 86 Analysis the Arguments of ............................................................ 88 Refutation of the Evidence Against Possession 89 ............................. Qur'Anic Evidence ................................................................. 89 Evidence from Ijadith ............................................................ 90 Logical Evidence ................................................................... 91 Reasons for Possession ........................................................................ 93 Partial-Possession ................................................................................ 95 ii Mediumship .................................................................................95 Possession Objects of ...................................................................97 Demonic Visions ..........................................................................98 Magic ................................................................................................100 Terminology ...............................................................................100 Reality ........................................................................................101