HUNTING AND BUSHMEAT UTILIZATION IN THE AFRICAN RAIN FOREST Perspectives Toward a Blueprint for Conservation Action NUMBER 2 EDITED BY: Mohamed I. Bakarr Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca Russell Mittermeier Anthony B. Rylands Kristen Walker Painemilla ANCES IN APPLIED BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE ANCES IN APPLIED BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE ANCES IN APPLIED BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE ANCES IN APPLIED BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE ANCES IN APPLIED BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE Conservation International 1919 M Street, NW ADV ADV ADV Suite 600 ADV ADV Washington, DC 20036 TELEPHONE 800/406-2306 202/912-1000 E-MAIL [email protected] www.conservation.org www.cabs.conservation.org Short Biographies of Contributors Philippe Auzel has been working on a variety of conservation and Dr. Rebecca Hardin is on the faculty at Yale University and at agricultural projects in equatorial African rural communities the Sorbonne in Paris, and is an Academy Fellow at Harvard Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International since 1987. He has advanced degrees related to conservation University. Since 1988 her work has focused in and on the science from the University of Paris, the National Center for equatorial forests of Central Africa, first as a Peace Corps Tropical Agronomy in Montpellier, France, and the University of Volunteer and later as a research anthropologist. She earned her Gembloux, Belgium, where he is currently completing his Ph.D. in anthropology from Yale in studying the roles of The African Bushmeat Initiative doctoral research. Philippe has consulted for a wide range of hunting and tourism on the transformation of forest use in conservation and development agencies, including the European Central African Republic. Her current research focuses on Union and the Wildlife Conservation Society of New York. He is social relations of forest use in the Sangha River region, where currently serving as an advisor to efforts to implement Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Congo meet. Goal To establish a strategic framework for addressing biodiversity conservation threats community forestry policies in Cameroon’s forested areas. associated with hunting and bushmeat utilization in the rain forest region of Africa. Cyril Kormos is the Director of the Conservation Policy Dr. Mohamed I. Bakarr is the Projects Director in the Center of Program at Conservation International. Mr. Kormos has an Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS) at Conservation MSc in international political economy from the London International (CI). He began studying forest conservation in School of Economics and a JD from the George Washington Objectives 1) To establish the “state of knowledge” on hunting and bushmeat utilization in the 1987 at Njala University College in his native Sierra Leone. University Law School. He completed his graduate studies at the University of Miami, African rain forest through a comprehensive assessment of all relevant factors and earning both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Tropical Biology. He Dr. E.J. Milner-Gulland is a lecturer in Resource Economics issues, including the following: first joined CI in 1997 as a Program Fellow and later became at Imperial College at London University. Her Ph.D. was on the Science and Technical Manager for CI’s Africa Program. He the sustainability of wildlife hunting, focusing on African has led a major effort to coordinate scientific contributions into elephants, rhinos and saiga antelopes. Current interests · Wildlife biology and conservation (impacted wildlife species, protected area the conservation priority-setting process for West Africa’s include interactions between socio-political and ecological effectiveness, etc.); Upper Guinea forest ecosystem and is leading the bushmeat change in the former Soviet Union and conservation of wild Social and economic challenges (subsistence, commercialization, role of extractive initiative in CABS. He is also a member of the Bushmeat pigs in Indonesia. · Crisis Task Force Steering Committee. industries, etc.); Dr. Russell A. Mittermeier is President of Conservation · Cultural issues and health linkages (belief systems, dietary preferences, disease Dr. Kerry Bowman is a bioethicist at the University of Toronto, International and a member of the Bushmeat Crisis Task and health risks, etc.); and the Director of the Improving End of Life Care Project, and the Force Steering Committee. He has served as Vice-President Clinical Ethicist for Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. Dr. for Science at World Wildlife Fund, as Chairman of the · Legislative frameworks and enforcement (wildlife and hunting laws, judicial Bowman is actively involved in conservation efforts with Primate Specialist Group of the IUCN-World Conservation concerns, etc.). gorillas and chimpanzees and lectures widely on ethical issues Union’s Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC) and as in primate conservation and research. Dr. Bowman is a Chairman of the World Bank’s Task Force on Biological consultant to the U.S. Center for Disease Control on their research Diversity. Dr. Mittermeier has published extensively on 2) To mobilize key international and regional experts for building consensus on the exploring the link between the hunting of the great apes and primates, reptiles, tropical forests, and biodiversity. His knowledge base, identifying gaps and research priorities, and developing practical the transmission of retroviruses such as HIV. most recent field work has been on primates, protected areas solutions for field testing and other conservation issues in the Atlantic forest region of Jim Cannon is an economist and an expert on natural resources eastern Brazil, in Suriname and on the island of Madagascar. and conservation management and policy. As the Senior Dr. Mittermeier received his Ph.D. from Harvard University 3) To develop a strategic and long-term plan of action for mitigating conservation Director of Conservation International’s Resource Economics in Biological Anthropology in 1977. threats associated with hunting and bushmeat utilization in the African rain forest Program, he uses economics to strengthen conservation initiatives by designing programs that address the economic Dr. Anthony L. Rose is a social psychologist, writer, and incentives driving biodiversity loss. organization developer who has consulted on forest management, military diplomacy, religious community CI contacts Mohamed I. Bakarr, CABS ([email protected]) Dr. Hans-Ulrich Caspary holds a Ph.D. in Geography from development, educational innovation, and health care quality Humboldt University of Berlin. Since 1994, he has carried out assurance. He is Executive Director of The Biosynergy Kristen Walker, CABS ([email protected]) research on wildlife utilization and the bushmeat phenomena in Institute and serves on the Steering Committee of the the Upper Guinea Forest Belt of West Africa. His work focuses Bushmeat Crisis Task Force in Washington, DC. He on wildlife and protected areas management. received his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from U.C.L.A. in 1967. Outputs Expert network on hunting and bushmeat utilization in Africa Heather E. Eves is the Director of the Bushmeat Crisis Task White papers on relevant hunting and bushmeat themes Force has studied and worked as a wildlife biologist in Africa Dr. Anthony Rylands is the Senior Director for Conservation Blueprint plan for priority conservation actions (consensus-based) for over 10 years. She is currently a doctoral candidate the Biology at CABS and editor of the journals Neotropical Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. In Primates and Primate Conservation. He is currently Vice-Chair for Design for pilot projects in targeted areas across the region addition to her research studies, she has been involved wildlife the Neotropical Section and Co-Deputy Chair of the IUCN/ Field testing and adaptive management education programs for African children and adults and has SSC Primate Specialist Group. He received his Ph.D. from served as a Peace Corps volunteer. the University of Cambridge, UK and was recently elected to the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Gustavo Fonseca is Senior Vice President of Conservation International and Executive Director of the Center for Applied Kristen Walker Painemilla is the program manager for the Biodiversity Science (CABS) at CI. Dr. Fonseca has published Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation extensively on wildlife management, community ecology of International where she has played an integral role in mammals, primate ecology and behavior. His current research, launching and coordinating the bushmeat initiative for CI. which focuses on conservation challenges in the major She holds a BA in Latin American Studies and Anthroplogy Brazilian biomes, is interdisciplinary and links biodiversity from George Washington University. She was a Cotlow conservation with aspects related to economics and human Scholar in 1996 and a U.S. Fulbright Scholar 1997-1998. demography. Dr. Fonseca received his Ph.D. in Wildlife Management and Conservation from the University of Florida. Dr. David S. Wilkie has a Ph.D. in Wildlife Ecology from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and a post-doctoral specialization in ecological anthropology from the University of Utah. He is an Adjunct Professor at Boston College and a co-director of the Ituri Forest Peoples Fund, a special project of Cultural Survival. He has over 20 years of field research experience in the ecological and economic aspects of household level natural resource