rame 1909) Romain Rolland after a drawing by G ( ROMAIN HOLLAND TH E MA N A N D H I S W O R K BY STEFAN ZWEIG TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGIN AL MA NUSCRIPT BY EDEN and CEDAR PAUL TD LONDON : GEORGE ALLEN UNWIN L . H E W . C . 1 RUSKIN OUSE, 40 MUSEUM STR ET, 5 5 S Z ‘W B Co ri ht 1921 py g , , by T MA H O S SELTZER , IN C . A ll rig ht: res erved 8 05 46 3 PRI N TED I N U . B. A. E t htt afimt N ot merely do I describe the w ork of a great e A ove all do a t i ute to a ers on Europ an . b I p y r b p alit that of one who for me and for man others y, y has loomed as the most impres sive m oral phenom o de ed u on his o n bio ra en on of o u r age . M ll p w g hies o f ass i al u es endeavourin to o tr a p cl c fig r , g p r y the greatnes s of an arti st while never los ing s ight of the man o r f orgetting his i nfluence u pon the w o d of mo a endeavou on eived in this s irit rl r l r, c c p , my b ook is likewise inspired with a sense of per so na atitu de in t at amid these da s fo o n it l gr , h , y rl r , has been vouchs afed to me to know the miracle of i so rad ant an exis tence . IN CO M MORATION o f this uni uenes s dedi ate the oo to t o se q , I c b k h few who in the hou o f e t ia mained faith , r fi ry r l, re ful to ROMA IN nou m) AND TO O UR BELOVED H OME O F EUROPE F TA BLE O CONTENTS . PAGE DEDICATIO N PART O N E: BIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTORY EARLY C H ILD H O O D SCH O O L DAYS THE NOR MA L SCH O O L A MESSAGE FR OM AFAR S T LOUIS 18 94 AIN , THE CONSECRATION YEARS O F APPRENTICESHIP YEARS O F STRUGGLE A DECADE O F SECLUSION A PORTRAIT RENOWN ROLLAND AS THE EMBODIMENT EUROPEAN SPIRIT PART TWO : EA RLY WORK AS A DRAMATIST THE WORK AND THE EPOCH THE WIL L TO GREATNESS THE CREATIVE CYCLES THE UNK NOWN DRAMATIC CYCLE TRA C EDIES F FA ITH SA T LO I A R 18 95—1 98 O . U S E T 8 THE IN , , T LO 18 94 SAIN UIS . viii TABLE OF CONTENTS A ERT, 18 98 ATTEMPT TO REGENERATE TH E FRENCH A N APPEAL To THE PEOPLE THE PROGRAM D M O T R VO T O THE RA A F HE E LU I N, FO URTEEN TH O J 1902 THE F ULY , D TO 1900 AN N, XV. I M H O R ASO 1899 THE TR U P F E N , THE CALL LOST IN THE VOID D L L OM 1 2 VIII. A AY WI C 90 X E , PART THREE : THE HEROIC BIOGRAPHIES DE PRO PUND IS THE HEROES O P SUFFERING BEETHOVEN MICHELANGELO TOLSTOI THE UNWRITTEN BIOGRAPHIES PART FOUR : JEAN CHRISTOPHE SANCTUS CHRISTOPHORUS RESURRECTION THE ORIGIN O P THE WORK TH E WORK WITHOUT A FORMULA TABLE OF CONTENTS ix KEY TO THE CHARACTER S A HEROIC SYMPHONY THE ENIGMA OF CREATIVE WORK JEAN CHRISTOPHE OLIVIER GRAZIA JEAN CHRISTOPHE AND HIS FELLOW MEN JEAN CHRISTOPHE AND THE NATIONS THE PICTURE OF FRANCE THE PICTURE OF GERMANY THE PICTURE OF ITALY THE JEWS THE GENERATIONS XVIII . DEPARTURE PART FIVE : INTERMEZZO SCHERZO ( COLAS BREUGNON) K U I. TA EN NAWARES 241 II . THE BURGUNDIAN BROTHER III. GAULOISERIES I V. A FRUSTRATE MESSAGE PART SIX: THE CONSCIENCE OF EUROPE THE WARDEN OF TH E INHERITANCE FO REA RMED THE PLACE OF REFUGE THE SERVICE OF MA N THE TRIBUNAL O R THE SPIRIT THE CONTROVERSY WITH GER HARDT HAUPTMANN x TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH VER H AEREN E VIII . THE E UROPEAN CONSCI NCE M IX. THE ANIFESTOES ABOV TH TT X. E E BA LE M I ST H T D XI. THE CA PA GN AGAIN A RE XII. OPPONENTS FRIENDS XIV. THE LETTERS XV . THE COUNSELOR O TA XVI . THE S LI RY THE DIARY XVIII. THE FORERUNNERS AND EMPEDOCLES LILULI CLERAMBAULT THE LAST APPEAL DECLARATION OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF XXIII . EN VOY BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Romain Rolland after a drawing by Grame ( 1909 ) Frantispiece I A C I N G PA G E Romain Rolland at the Normal School 12 ’ Le o To ls toi s Letter ’ ’ Rolland s Transcript of Franc esc o Provenzale s A r ia from L a Schiavo di s ua Moglie ’ ’ Ro and s ans ri t of a e o d Pau D u in L O ncle ll Tr c p M l y by l p , Go ttfried Romain Rolland at the Time o f Writing Beetho ven Romain Roll an d at the Time o f Writing Jean Christophe 16 2 Romain Rolland at the Time o f Writing A bove the Battle 294 ’ Rolland s M other Original M anu s cript o f The D eclaration of the Ind ep end e nce of the Mind BIOGRA PHICAL ’ The surge of the H eart s energies w ou ld not ea in a mist O f fo am br k , n or b e s u tili ed into i it did not b z Sp r , the o O f ate fr om the e inn in r ck F , b g g f da s tand e e i ent in o s the a . y , s v r l w y H O LDERLIN . R O MAIN R O LLAND CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY HE first fifty years Of Romain Rolland’s life were passed in inconspicuous and almost soli n tary labors . The ceforward , his name was to f E become a storm center o uropean discussion . Until of Shortly before the apocalyptic year, hardly an artist or re our days worked in such complete retirement, i ce ved so little recognition . of Since that year, no artist has been the subject so much controversy . His fundamental ideas were not destined to make themselves generally known until there was a world in arms bent upon destroying them . E s the i nvious fate work ever thus, interweaving l ves of t the great wi h tragical threads . She tries her powers to the uttermost upon the strong, sending events to run counter to their plans , permeating their lives with strange n — allegories, imposi g obstacles in their path that they may be guided more unmistakably in the right course . u Fate plays with them, plays a game with a s blime issue, I 2 ROMAIN ROLLAND of for all experience is precious . Think the greatest t among our contemporaries ; hink Of Wagner, Nietzsche, n O f o f Dostoevsky, Tolstoi , Stri dberg ; in the case each i of them, dest ny has Superadded to the creations the ’ n of . artist s mi d , the drama personal experience Notably do these considerations apply to the life O f l ’ Romain Ro land . The Significance Of his life s work n becomes plain only when it is co templated as a whole . It was slowly produced , for it had to encounter great consum dangers ; it was a gradual revelation , tardily u d O f d mated . The fo n ations this splen id structure were the d of deeply dug in firm groun knowledge, and were laid upon the hidden masonry of years spent in isola o f tion . Thus tempered by the ordeal a furnace seven n o f hu times heated , his work has the essential impri t fo n a manity. Precisely owing to the strength of its u d ’ d of tions, to the soli ity its moral energy, was Rolland s thought able to stand unshaken throughout the war storms E that have been ravaging urope . While other monu d ments to which we had looke up with veneration , crack in and w g crumbling, have been leveled ith the quaking “ n n earth , the mo ume t he had builded stands firm above ” the battle, above the medley Of Opinions , a pillar Of strength towards which all free spirits can turn for con ul of solation amid the tum t the world . 4 ROMAIN ROLLAND endowed by both parents with tendencies to fervent faith , but tendencies to faith in contradictory ideals . In France this cleavage between love for religion and pas n sio for freedom , between faith and revolution , dates Its to from centuries back . seeds were destined blos som in the artist . His first years o f childhood were passed in the shadow A nto inette o f O f 18 70 . the defeat In , Rolland sketches the tranquil life o f just such a provincial town as Gla o n mecy. His home was an old house the bank Of a n ca al . Not from this narrow world were to Spring the d O f bo who first elights the y , despite his physical frailty, was s o passionately sensitive to enjoyment .