NASA CP 2117 c. 1 NASA ConferencePublication 2117 LOAN AWL KIHT! Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop G. Halpert, Editor A Workshopheld at GoddardSpace Flight Center Greenbelt,Maryland November 13 - 15, 1979 NASA TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NY NASA ConferencePublication 2117 The 1979 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop A Workshopheld at GoddardSpace Flight Center Greenbelt,Maryland November 13 - 15, 1979 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Office 1980 PREFACE This, the 12th Annual Battery Workshop was attended by manufacturers, users, govern-and ment representatives interested in the latest results of testing, analysis, and development of the sealed nickel cadmium cell system. Also included were sessions on metal hydrogen and lithiumcell technology and applications. The purpose of the Workshop was to share flight and test experience, stimulate discussion on problem areas, andto review the latest technology improvements. The papers presented in this document have been derived from transcripts taken at the Workshop held at the Goddard Space Flight Center on November 13 to 15, 1979. The transcripts were lightly edited with the speaker’s vugraphs assembled at the end of each presentation for uniformity. ... 111 4 I1 I 11l1l11 I l1l111ll1l11l1111ll111llllllI Ill CONTENTS Page PREFACE ................................................................ iii INTRODUCTION G.Halpert,GSFC ..................................................... 1 SESSION I TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPING FLIGHT HARDWARE OVERVIEW OF NASA BATTERY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM R.Riebling, NASA Headquarters ......................................... 5 Discussion .......................................................... 8 RECOMMENDATIONS OF OSTA FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT WORKSHOP - POWER SUBSYSTEMS PANEL L. Slifer,NASA/GSFC ................................................. 13 Discussion ........................................................... 17 PANEL DISCUSSION: BRIDGING THE GAP TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPING FLIGHT HARDWARE F. Ford,NASA/GSFC. ................................................. 29 Discussion ........................................................... 31 LITHIUM CELL TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY REPORT OF THE TRI-SERVICE LITHIUM SAFETY COMMITTEE E.Reiss,ERADCOM ................................................... 47 Discussion ........................................................... 51 NASA/MARSHALL’S LITHIUM BATTERY APPLICATIONS E.Paschal, NASA/MSFC ................................................ 57 Discussion ........................................................... 60 SESSION I1 LITHIUM CELL TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BATTERY DEVELOPMENT STATUS REPORT A.Willis,NOSC ....................................................... 69 Discussion ........................................................... 71 V Page GALILEO LITHIUM/SO. L.Blagdon,Honeywe ll ................................................. 83 Discussion ........................................................... 87 SULFUR STUDIES ON LITHIUM SULFUR DIOXIDE BATTERIES A.Dey,Mallo ry ....................................................... 97 Discussion ........................................................... 102 ELECTRICAL. THERMAL AND ABUSIVE TESTS ON LITHIUM THIONYL CHLORIDE CELLS Robert Somoano for H . Frank. JPL ....................................... 111 Discussion ........................................................... 113 LITHIUM THIONYL CHLORIDE HIGH RATE DISCHARGE K . Klinedinst. GTE Laboratories .......................................... 121 Discussion ........................................................... 125 LITHIUM BATTERY DISCmRGE TESTS C.Johnson,Boeing .................................................... 135 Discussion ........................................................... 138 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTOTYPE SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY R.Somoano,JPL ..................................................... 147 Discussion ........................................................... 150 RECHARGEABLE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE LITHIUM CELLS G.Holleck,EIC ....................................................... 155 Discussion ........................................................... 159 THE EXXON RECHARGEABLE CELLS P . Malachesky. Exxon .................................................. 169 Discussion ........................................................... 172 HIGH TEMPERATURE STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHIUM SULFUR DIOXIDE CELLS T.Watson,PCI ....................................................... 179 Discussion ........................................................... 182 vi SESSION IV BATTERY AND CELL TESTING Page 20-WATT-HOUR PER KILOGRAM NICKELCADMIUM ENERGY STORAGE FOR INTELSAT V J. Armantrout, Ford. .................................................. 287 Discussion ........................................................... 289 MULTIMISSION MODULAR SPACECRAFT PARALLEL BATTERY TEST M. Tasevoli,NASA/GSFC. .............................................. 295 Discussion ........................................................... 299 TDRSS BATTERY LIFE CYCLE TESTS INTERIM REPORT E.Kipp,TRW ........................................................ 307 Discussion ........................................................... 312 LIFE TEST RESULTS OF THE NASA STANDARD 20 AMPERE HOUR CELLS G. Halpert, NASA/GSFC. ............................................... 32 1 Discussion ........................................................... 325 BATTERY RECONDITIONING, SUMMARY OF TRW EXPERIENCE W.Scott,TRW ....................................................... 331 Discussion ........................................................... 335 ADDITIONAL REVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEALED NICKEL CADMIUM CELLS P.Ritterman,TRW .................................................... 343 Discussion ........................................................... 348 REVERSAL OF NICKELCADMIUM CELLS C.Badcock, Aerospace ................................................. 355 Discussion ........................................................... 358 CELL SHORT CIRCUIT, PRESHORT SIGNATURE C.Lurie,TRW ........................................................ 367 Discussion ........................................................... 370 POCKET NICKEL CADMIUM CELL AND BATTERY EVALUATION J. Lear,Martin Marietta. ................................................ 377 Discussion ........................................................... 380 viii SESSION I11 FLIGHT EXPERIENCE AND BATTERY DESIGN Page NATO .IN-ORBIT EXPERIENCE J . Capulli. USAF ...................................................... 191 Discussion ........................................................... 196 RCA SATCOM .IN-ORBIT EXPERIENCE P . DeBaylo and S . Gaston, RCA .......................................... 205 Discussion ........................................................... 209 UPDATE OF THE IUE BATTERY IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE S . Tiller. NASA/GSFC .................................................. 215 Discussion ........................................................... 216 RECONDITIONING OF VIKING LANDER BATTERY A . Britting. Martin Marietta .............................................. 219 Discussion ........................................................... 223 DISCUSSION OF THE SAGE ANOMALY D . Baer. NASA/GSFC .................................................. 231 Discussion ........................................................... 235 ESA BATTERY DEVELOPMENT H . J . Young and D . Goudot. ESA ......................................... 243 Discussion ........................................................... 248 PARALLEL 50 AMPERE HOUR NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY PERFORMANCE IN THE MODULAR POWER SUBSYSTEMS (MPS) D . Webb. McDonnell Douglas ............................................ 261 Discussion ........................................................... 265 NASA 50 AMP HOUR NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERY WASTE HEAT DETERMINATION V . Mueller. McDonnell Douglas ........................................... 269 Discussion ........................................................... 271 THE LDEF HEAT PIPE EXPERIMENTPOWER SYSTEM S . Tiller. NASA/GSFC .................................................. 277 Discussion ........................................................... 280 vii SESSION V CELL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Page NWSC NICKEL CADMIUM SPACECRAFT CELL ACCELERATED LIFE TEST PROGRAM DATA ANALYSIS J. Lander, AF APL .................................................... 391 Discussion ........................................................... 399 ACCELERATED TEST DESIGN P. McDennott, Coppin State College. ...................................... 407 Discussion ........................................................... 414 DEVELOPMENT OF FAILURE MODEL FOR NICKELCADMIUM CELLS A.Gupta,JPL ........................................................ 419 Discussion ........................................................... 424 MISSION SIMULATOR TEST DATA E.Hendee, Telesat-Canada .............................................. 441 Discussion ........................................................... 445 ANALYTICAL MODELING OF BATTERY CYCLE LIFE S.Gross,Boeing ...................................................... 453 Discussion ........................................................... 455 THE PRACTICAL LIMIT OF LOADING NICKEL HYDROXIDE ELECTRODES E.McHenry, Bell Laboratories ........................................... 461 Discussion ........................................................... 463 SESSION VI NICKEL-HYDROGEN