GATE JOURNAL VOLUME 4 U FALL 2016 However, here we are. We did it! And what I’ve realized is that this journal is not about the what. Letter From Sure, what we do is great. We publish amazing, student-written articles. This issue’s articles ex- plore everything from an analyzation of the Is- raeli targeted killing policy, to Iran’s hegemonic the Editor expansion, to German and Japanese brutality during WWII, and all the way to research on the refugee resettlement process in the United Dear Reader, States. However, I argue that our, “why” is much more important. Why does our journal exist? Welcome to the Fall 2016 Issue of the GATE Why do we do what we do? Journal. This is a particularly special issue for me, as it is my premier publication as Editor The GATE Journal exists to provide the ASU in Chief. I inherited the position from the two community with an academic platform for pub- individuals that founded the journal in 2014. lishing scholarly pieces on global affairs, and, in Even with the trust and guidance of the past turn, establish the ASU community as a thought editors, this publication season was difficult for leader on issues across the globe; To bridge the me. When I took over as Editor in Chief, I tru- gap between the theoretical approaches of aca- ly had no idea what I was getting into. I had demia and real-world, empirical implications in worked for GATE for a year as a copy editor but relation to global affairs; To promote the critical had limited experience with content editing. I analysis and understanding of global issues that had no clue how to work our layout and graph- span across national boundaries and various ic design software. I was not prepared to enter sectors of research; To provide students the op- the mind numbing bureaucracy of the student portunity to participate in the academic process government, as I navigated the system and de- of substantive peer-review. This is what I kept signed a budget for our organization. in mind in the moments when I thought that we would not make it. Because, ultimately, if we Coming into the semester, my goal was to do keep our “why” in mind, we cannot fail. exactly what the past editors had done the pre- vious semester. If I could seamlessly weave one So as you read, know that this journal is much semester into the next, I would count the tran- more than the articles it publishes. It is a compi- sition as a success. But, I’ll admit, there were lation of the incredible GATE staff’s hard work many moments where I thought this was not and passion. We are honored to share our “why” going to happen. I struggled to find a full staff with you today. for the editorial board. Scrambled to receive enough submissions to start the publication Chloe Miracle Rutledge process. Spent many nights staying up late and Editor in Chief writing email after email, keeping up with all our editors and authors. Had a minor break- down when I thought we were losing our web- site and our funding. And watched, anxiously, as I pushed the deadlines back more and more. GATE Network: Global Affairs Organizations and Centers at ASU Model United Nations Center on Religion and Conflict MUN is an academic competition in which students The center is a research hub that promotes can learn about diplomacy international relations, interdisciplinary research and education on the and the United Nations. For more information, email dynamics of religion and conflict with the aim of [email protected] or visit http://munasu.org. advancing knowledge, seeking solutions and informing policy. For more information, email [email protected] or Students Supporting Israel visit https:/csrc.asu.edu. Students Supporting Israel is a Pro-Israel international campus movement that is committed to promoting United Students Against Sweatshops a better understanding of Israel throughout North United Students Against Sweatshops is a national America as a member of the family of nations, with grassroots organization that woirks in solidarity with a fundamental right to exist as a Jewish, democratic working people’s struggles locally and globally. For more state, within secure borders. For more information, information, visit https://www.facebook.com/asuSEED/ contact their FaceBook page at Students Supporting or https://usas.org. Israel at Arizona State University or visit http://www. ssimovement.org. ASU Council for Arab and Islamic Studies CAIS is an organization that works to acknowledge J Street U the significant contributions of Arabic Studies and J Street U is the organizing arm of JStreet, the political Islamic civilization and cultures to the world at large home for pro-Israel, pro-peace Americans. For more both historically and in the modern age. For more information, email [email protected] or visit https:// information, email [email protected] or visit https://cais. www.facebook.com/jstreetasu. asu.edu. Students for Justice in Palestine Oxfam SJP is an anti-Zionist, pro-Palestinian college student Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 activism organization. For more information, email organizations working in approximately 94 countries [email protected] or visit http://sjpalestine.com. worldwide to find solutions to poverty and what it considers injustice around the world. For more Alexander Hamilton Society information, visit https://www.facebook.com/ The AHS is an independent, non-partisan, not for oxfamclubasu. profit organization dedicated to promoting constructive debate on basic principles and contemporary issues in Model African Union foreign, economic, and national security policy. For Model African Union is a simulation of the African more information, email [email protected] or visit Union, providing a platform for young leaders to https://www.facebook.com/AHSatASU explore the inner workings of the African Union, and to practice international diplomacy by assuming the Students Organize for Syria roles of African leaders. For more information, email Students Organize for Syria is a student led movement [email protected] or visit https://www.facebook. on a mission to assist the Syrian people. For more com/Model-African-Union-at-ASU-1471761963133353. information, email [email protected] or visit http://organize4syria.com/asu. 2B1United 2B1 is a camnpaign aimed at countering the recruiting Center for the Future of War success of violent extremism, as well as dismantling the The center explores the social, political, economic, and ‘War on Islam’ narrative. For more information, visit cultural implications of the changing nature of war and https://www.instagram.com/2B1United. conflict. For more information, email futureofwar@asu. edu or visit https://futureofwar.asu.edu. STAFF Chloe Miracle Rutledge Editor-in-chief Carolina Marques de Mesquita Managing Editor Sam Cooper Review Board Editor Destine Sior Review Board Editor Aron Erickson Review Board Editor Fernanda Quiroz Review Board Editor Maggie Tucker Review Board Editor Graham Paul Review Board Editor Alexandra Blythe Review Board Editor Nadira Kahn Copy Editor Megan Kelly Copy Editor Oren Depp Copy Editor Lily Sedigh Copy Editor Bartia Cooper Copy Editor Justin Tran Outreach Coordinator Maxana Goettl Outreach Coordinator Ana Santaella Layout Coordinator Joseph Bianchi Layout Coordinator Hal Danesh Layout Coordinator Adrian Ramirez Layout Coordinator Rhiannon Nabours Cover Designer Design Consultant Amit Tallapragada Web Developer Dr. Daniel Rothenberg Faculty Advisor Table of Contents Local Profiles Confronting Compulsory Victimhood: Has Journalism Caught up with the WPS Agenda? Carolina Marques de Mesquita..........................................................................................4 Painting Arizona Blue: A Look at the Arizona Democratic Party & Its Role in Maricopa County’s 2016 Election Cycle Hal Danesh............................................................................................................................7 Peer Reviewed Articles The Persian Game: Iran’s Quest for Hegemony Wesley J. Jeffries..................................................................................................................16 German and Japanese Motivations for War Brutality: The Erosion of Ethics by Ordinary People During World War II Janna Tobin.........................................................................................................................29 The Israeli Targeted Killing Policy: A Multidimensional Study of Efficacy Yonit Upart..........................................................................................................................35 Community Development & Refugee Self-Sufficiency During Resettlement: The Case of Phoenix Arizona Robert Davis.......................................................................................................................57 CONFRONTING COMPULSORY VICTIMHOOD Has Journalism Caught Up With the WPS Agenda? Carolina Marques de Mesquita Confronting Compulsory Victimhood GATE Journal Page 6 n August, I began a student research and Syria. By reviewing the search results for fellowship with New America, a DC- terms such as “Iraq + women” or “Afghanistan based think tank partnered with ASU’s + women + peace”, I’ve sought to find patterns Center on the Future of War. What in these representations and evaluate whether interested me about the project I was journalism has caught up with the Women, assigned to was its emphasis on making gender Peace, and Security agenda. Ia central consideration in national security, as Unfortunately, many of my findings