Ericaceae (Heath or Blueberry Family) Key Key to species in Newfoundland and Labrador © Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador (2019) 1a. Plants herbaceous, with basal leaves; or plants mycotrophic, leaves lacking; scales and stems non-photosynthetic. .................................................................................................. 2 1b. Plants with woody or barely woody stems; leaves photosynthetic, deciduous or evergreen, leaf arrangement opposite, alternate, or whorled. ......................................... 12 2a. Plants mycotrophic, leaves and stems lacking chlorophyll; leaves reduced and scale- like, lacking venation. .................................................................................................. 3 2b. Plants herbaceous, with basal leaves; leaves deciduous or evergreen. ..................... 4 3a. Plants white, with a solitary nodding flower; sepals 2–4, white, scale-like; petals 5, white; stamens 8–14; pistil solitary, the stigma surrounded by a dark brown ring. ......................... ........................................................................................... Monotropa uniflora (ghost pipe) 3b. Plants yellow to yellow-orange, with a nodding raceme of several flowers; sepals 4–5, petals 4–5, stamens 8–10; pistil solitary, the stigma subtended by a ciliate ring of short hairs. ................................................................................... Hypopitys monotropa (pinesap) 4a. Plants with 2–5 whorls of oblanceolate, evergreen leaves; flowers 3–7, in a terminal umbel; petals 5, rose-pink to white, calyx 5-lobed; stamens 10, filaments broad at the base, abruptly narrowed below the deep pink anthers, dehiscing through short terminal pores; the solitary pistil topped by a broad sessile stigma, 2.4–4 mm wide. ............................................................................... Chimaphila umbellata (pipsissewa) 4b. Plants with basal leaves only, flowers solitary or in racemes. .................................... 5 5a. Plants with a solitary flower; petals ovate to broadly ovate, 8–12 mm long; stamens 10, the anthers bending backward towards the base of the filaments, dehiscing through pores at the end of 2 short basal tubules, facing away from the centre of the flower; pistil solitary, style 1, stigma with 5 short lobes; leaves with serrate margins. ............................. ............................................................................ Moneses uniflora (oneflower wintergreen) 5b. Plants with several flowers arranged in an erect raceme; calyx 5-lobed, petals 5, stamens 10, pistil 1; leaves with entire, obscurely crenate, or serrate margins. ............................... 6 6a. Leaf blades ovate, with serrate margins; raceme one-sided. ...................................... .................................................................... Orthilia secunda (one-sided wintergreen) 6b. Leaves blade ovate, oblong, or nearly orbicular, margins entire to obscurely crenate; racemes with flowers spirally arranged, not one-sided (Pyrola). ............................... 7 7a. Stigma short and straight, not exceeding the corolla ................ Pyrola minor (lesser pyrola) 7b. Stigma S-shaped (declined, upward curved at apex), 4–10 mm long, exceeding the corolla. ............................................................................................................................................... 8 8a. Leaf blades often with whitish or light green lines above the major veins; leaf blade shorter than the petiole; petals greenish-white. Pyrola chlorantha (greenish pyrola) 8b. Leaves solid green, leaf blade longer than or about equal to the petiole; corolla white or pink. .............................................................................................................. 9 9a. Leaf blades elliptic to oblong; membranaceous, upper surface dull; leaf blade longer than the petiole; petals creamy white. ................................................. Pyrola elliptica (shinleaf) 9b. Leaf blades ovate, orbicular, to reniform; coriaceous, upper surface glossy; leaf blade and petiole about equal in length; petals deep to pale pink, or white-tinged with pink. ....... 10 10a. Leaf blades 1–4 cm long; flowers relatively large, petals creamy white to crimson, 6– 10 mm long; calyx lobes 5–7-nerved; anthers 1.7–2.3 mm long, stigma 3–6 mm long. .................................................................................. Pyrola grandiflora (arctic pyrola) 10b. Leaf blade 1.8–8 cm long; petals pink or white, 5–8 mm long; calyx lobe nerveless or 3–5-nerved; anthers 2–3.6 mm long; stigma 5–11 mm long. ................................. 11 11a. Petals deep to pale pink; calyx lobes thin, lanceolate-triangular, 1.8–3 mm long, tips acute-acuminate. ..................................................................... Pyrola asarifolia (pink pyrola) 11b. Petals creamy- to milky white; calyx-lobes firm, oblong-lanceolate, 1.6–3+ mm long, tips acute to obtuse. ........................................................... Pyrola americana (roundleaf pyrola) 12a. Plants with creeping, trailing, or matted stems; stems barely to slightly woody; leaves opposite or alternate, sometimes appearing whorled. ................................. 13 12b. Plants erect, with woody stems. ............................................................................... 33 13a. Plants with slender trailing or creeping stems, to 1+ m long, with ascending branches to 20 cm tall; corolla 4-lobed; stamens 8; leaves to 1.7 cm long by up to 0.5 cm wide, blades small, elliptic, ± triangular, ovate, or nearly orbicular. ..................................................... 14 13b. Plants with prostrate, multi-branched stems, forming mats or colonies to 60 cm tall; corolla 4- or 5-lobed; stamens 10; leaves to 8 cm long by up to 1.5 cm wide; blades small and linear to large and oval. ............................................................................................... 17 14a. Stems slender, densely covered with stiff (strigose) reddish-brown hairs; flowers with a white campanulate corolla, stamens less than 1 mm long, the flat elliptic filaments shorter than the anthers; fruit white, ovoid, berry-like, 2.5–6 mm long. ................................................................... Gaultheria hispidula (creeping snowberry) 14b. Stems very slender to thread-like, glabrous to minutely hairy; flowers with a deeply 4-lobed corolla, whitish-pink to pink, strongly reflexed; stamens obviously exserted; fruit a light to dark red globose berry, 5–15 mm diam. (Vaccinium, in part). .......... 15 15a. Flowers and fruits axillary, pedicels arising from the base of the current year's growth; leaves 5–18 mm long, elliptic to oval, with rounded apices. ................................................. ............................................................................ Vaccinium macrocarpon (large cranberry) 15b. Flowers and fruit terminal, pedicel arising from the tip of the current year's growth; leaves 2–10 mm long, ovate to narrowly triangular, with acute apices. .......................... 16 16a. Pedicels minutely pubescent; corolla lobes 5.5–6 mm long, stamens more than 4 mm long, anthers 1.5–1.8 mm long. ............... Vaccinium oxycoccos (small cranberry) 16b. Pedicels glabrous or nearly so; corolla lobes less than 5.5 mm long, stamens less than 4 mm long, anthers 0.7–1.1 mm long. .................................................................. ............................................................ Vaccinium microcarpum (small bog cranberry) 17a. Plants with alternate leaves, blades elliptic, oblanceolate, oval, obovate, or nearly orbicular............................................................................................................................... 18 17b. Plants with opposite leaves, blades lanceolate to ovate, often small, scale-like, and overlapping, blades to 6 mm long by up to 1.5 mm wide; or leaves alternate and densely spirally along the stem, appearing whorled, blades slender, subulate, linear, or linear- oblong, blades to 10 mm long by up to 1.3 mm wide ........................................................ 26 18a. Leaves evergreen. ...................................................................................................... 19 18b. Leaves deciduous. ...................................................................................................... 23 19a. Leaf surfaces hairy or scurfy, covered with golden resinous glands and/or rusty-coloured peltate scales. ..................................................................................................................... 20 19b. Leaf surfaces glabrous, shiny to glossy. .............................................................................. 22 20a. Upper leaf surfaces dull, stems and lower leaf surfaces scurfy; leaf surfaces and stems also bearing aromatic resin dots; corolla purple. ............................................... ............................................................. Rhododendron lapponicum (Lapland rosebay) 20b. Upper leaf surfaces shiny or dull, with dense to scattered hairs; aromatic resin dots lacking; corolla white to pink-tinged. ........................................................................ 21 21a. Stems with above-ground creeping woody stems, leaves ovate to oval, 3–8 cm long, leaf surfaces and stems hairy; flowers fragrant, few in terminal cluster; corolla white-hairy along the tube and throat of the