Roadmap for Future Lunar Science & Exploration • Founded Beatenberg Int’l Conference1994, Hamburg 1995 ( Charter) ILEWG • Sponsored and members appointed by agencies, with support by experts Charter • To develop an International Strategy for the Exploration of the Moon • Forum and mechanism for communication and co-ordination • To implement international co-operation and report to COSPAR and agencies • ICEUM Int’l Conferences on Exploration & Utilisation of the Moon Beatenberg 94, Kyoto 96 , Moscow 98, ESTEC 2000, Hawaii Nov 03, Udaipur Nov 04, Toronto Sept 05, Beijing 23-27 July 06 • COSPAR: Washington 92, Hamburg 94, Nagoya 98, Warsaw 00, Houston 02, Paris 04, Beijing July 06 • EGS/EGU lunar sessions: Vienna 97, Nice 98, The Hague 99, Nice 00-04, Vienna 05-06 • International Academy of Astronautics/IAF International Astronautical Congress (Bremen 03, Vancouver 04, Fukuoka 05, Valencia 1-7 Oct 06) • Website: http://sci.esa.int/ilewg International Lunar Robotic Exploration Programme • Muses-A Hiten Lunar Navigation (ISAS) 1990 • Clementine (US, BMDO) Multi-band Imaging, technology demonstration 1994 • Lunar Prospector (US, NASA Discovery) Neutron, gamma ray low res mapping 1998 • SMART-1 (ESA Technology Mission, geochemistry, high resolution) 2003 • SELENE (J, ISAS/NASDA) Ambitious orbiter instruments for science 2007 • Chang’e 1 orbiter (CNSA, China) 2007 • Chandrayaan-1 (ISRO, India) + ranger Lunar Orbiter, launch PSLV 2007 • US Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter + LCROSS Impactor 2008 • Lunar A (J, ISAS Science) 2 penetrators with seismometers + equator camera >2009 • Soft landers and technology test beds (US, Japan, China, Europe, India) > 2010 • Lunar Sample Returns > 2012 • Http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/ Lunar outposts for exploration on the Moon • Search for evidence of the origin of the Earth-Moon system • Determine the history of asteroid and comet impacts on Earth • Obtain evidence of the Sun’s history and its effects on Earth through time • Search for samples from the Early Earth • Determine the form, amount, and origin of lunar ice • Expand life on the Moon, and exploit local resources • Human exploration enhanced by robots Exploration architecture • A proving ground: Learn to explore the way we will ultimately explore further • Transportation systems synergy with SunEarth-L2 and Mars requirements • Extended robotic & human presence on the Moon : cultural milestone • New technology and system level engineering demonstration – Remote sensing miniaturised instruments – Surface geophysical and geochemistry package – Instrument deployment and robotic arm – Close mobility, nano-rover, sampling , drilling – Regional mobility: rover, navigation • Robotic laboratory – Mecha-electronics-sensors,Tele control, Telepresence, – Virtual reality, Autonomy, Navigation, AI robots • In-Situ Utilisation of lunar resources – Regolith, Oxygen, glasses, metals utilisation – Long term: He 3 extraction • Establishment of permanent lunar infrastructure – Life sciences laboratories & Life support systems – Large astronomical facilities • Environmental protection aspects with humans and planetary protection validation for Mars Science and engineering for human exploration Man/robotics synergies, Life support systems Low gravity physiology laboratory, Telemedecine Psychology, Social and Multi-cultural Laboratory Architecture design and operations of lunar base Infrastructures: communication, transport, construction, exploitation Commercial and sustained development • Illumination, Peaks of eternal light • Radiation hazards • Resources: O, Metals, glasses, C, H, He 3, • Polar ice in Permanent shadows • Construction and shielding material • In Situ Resource Utilisation factories • Life Support Systems SMART-1 view of pole • Interplanetary market trade and economy • Exploitation and environment protection • Rocket fuel production and infrastructure •Advanced Launch /access to space •Orbital Infrastructure •Crew Exploration Vehicle •Transport/ communication •Habitable Descent / Ascent Vehicle •Surface Power Generation •In-Situ Fuel Production •Robotic outposts and rovers •Habitation Modules •Workshop •Scientific Laboratories •Greenhouse / Agriculture Module •Medical Centre •Pressurized Rover •Advanced EVA Suit •Life Support Systems Bring and expand life on the Moon: ILEWG roadmap ILEWG ROAD MAP TO THE MOON VILLAGE, MARS AND BEYOND (Europe, robotic, life sciences/Manned) • MOON TECHNOLOGIES MARS • 2003 SMART-1 System Studies, technologies roadmap Mars Express+ MER • 2004 Technology devt, design architecture • 2005 Life sciences/ human studies on ISS Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter • 2007 Selene Soyuz launcher at Kourou • 2007 Chang’e 1 Phoenix polar lander scout • 2007 Chandrayaan-1 ISS testbed for human exploration, • 2008 US Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter • 2009 Lunar –A (TBC) MSL Setting an International Lunar robotic village and Mars robotic outpost • 2010 US RLEP2 South Polar Lander, • 2011 Selene-B, Polar landers, rovers, ice explorers, ExoMars + scouts • 2012 Chang’e 2 lander Astrobiology/Life sciences on the Moon Network science • 2013 ExoMoon polar lander Infrastructures, energy, ISRU Mars Orbiter+telecom • 2014 CEV Crew Exploration Vehicle • 2015 Astrobiology lab Lunar Robotic Global Village Scouts • 2016 Lunar Polar Sample Return Demonstration (for MSR and EMCRV) Human Moon/Mars Exploration 2017 Chang’E 3 sample return Human mission to the Moon (CH?) Astrobiology Field Lab? • 2018 US human on Moon Infrastructures, energy, ISRU • 2019 Early Earth Sample Return? European on Moon • 2020 Lab, green house Mars Robotic Global Village • 2022 EMCRV European Moon Crew Rescue Vehicle • 2024 Long Term Lunar Base Mars Sample Return? • >2030 Human mission to NEO/Phobos Human mission to Mars (85 papers) th (abstract deadline 20 June) (http://sci.esa.int/ilewg/) • 1. Science and Exploration of the Moon: Open questions and New Approaches • 2. Results from previous missions and SMART-1 • 3. Status of Ongoing and Future Missions • 4. Next Steps for Robotic Landers, Rovers and Outposts • 5. Agencies Plans and International Prospects for Utilization and Human Exploration • 6. Outreach for Public and Youth • International Programme Committee: Wu Ji, Ouyang Ziyuan, Liu Qiang, Bernard Foing • Hao Xifan, Ye Shuhua (China), Hitoshi Mizutani, Takizawa Yoshisada, Manabu Kato, Kohtaro Matsumoto (Japan), Bernard Foing, Scott Hovland (ESA), Jean-Pierre Swings (B), Ralf Jaumann (DLR,D), Simonetta di Pippo (ASI,I), Francois Spiero, Jean-Jacques Favier (CNES,F), Erik Galimov, Sasha Basilevsky (Russia), Narendra Bhandari, J.N. Goswami (India), Mark Borkovski, Jim Garvin (NASA), Carle Pieters, Michael Duke, Stephen Saunders, Steve Durst, Larry Taylor, Geoffrey Taylor (USA), Robert Richards, Chris Sallaberger (Canada). International Lunar Missions & Astrobiology Bernard H. FOING* & ILEWG SELENE Apollo • Cometary and meteoritic record • Search for organics in regolith and polar ices • Search for Earth samples • Extinct/extant life in polar ices • Fossils of organics & ancient life from Early Earth samples • Validation of life detection technologies • Planetary protection issues • Expanding life beyond Earth • Cosmology telescopes (liquid mirror telescopes) • Dark matter gravitational lensing transit telescopes • High energy telescopes • Far infra red submm telescopes in polar sites • Interferometers and exoplanet mappers • VLF detection of exoplanet radio magnetospheres • SETI from far side • Telescopes in Earth-Moon or Sun-Earth L2 libration points • Bacteria and extremes of life: Survival, replication, mutation and evolution • Extraterrestrial botanics: Growing plants on the Moon • Animals: physiology and ethology on another planet • Closed Ecological Life Support Systems • Greenhouses, Local Food Production • Living off the land • Support to human exploration • Permanent human presence • Biospheres on the Moon • Planetary and environment protection issues • Protection of Earth life Bernard H. FOING*, Scott HOVLAND**, On behalf of European Lunar Lander WG *Chief Scientist, ESA SCI-S, SMART-1 Project Scientist, Executive director ILEWG, ** ESA HME Human Spaceflight Microgravoty and Exploration Directorate 1) Precise Landing on the Moon 2) Preparation of future exploration 3) Geochemical study of polar regions 4) Ice Search/characterisation • Moon surface science and exploration • Polar or Non-polar: short lived or RHU • Small network elements as part of international missions • Lander station element – Technology survival, operations – Geophysical network – Life sciences/environment • Rover element – Close range mobility 50 m – Regional mobility 1-10 km – Vertical mobility (ground penetrating sensors, moles, drill) • Additional probes? To access to permanent dark (nanorover, harpoon, impactor) • Orbiter and relay infrastructures – Small orbiter with HRSC camera and data relay – Exchange/support other international orbiters (LRO, etc..) • Deployable long life ELP European Lunar Geophysics package including laser reflectometer, Seismometer (IPG), Geodesy and laser , Heat flux (DLR, Berlin), Magnetometer (TBD), Electronics (ETH) • Lander instruments: Pan Cam + descent , Gas Analysis Package, Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, permittivity, susceptibility, • Life science experiments : radiation studies, environment studies, Melissa, plants on the Moon, planetary protection studies • Close proximity Rover: Electromagnetic sounder, Ground penetrating radar, Neutron spectrometer, APX , Close up camera • Regional rover with Robotic arm (PAW like), mole with borehole or drill, Active seismic,