Facies analysis and diagenetic evolution of the Dinantian carbonates in the Dutch subsurface Report by SCAN September 2019 1 This page intentionally left blank Facies analysis and diagenetic evolution of the Dinantian carbonates in the Dutch subsurface Written by: Mahtab Mozafari1, Peter Gutteridge2, Alberto Riva3, Kees Geel4, Joanna Garland2 and Julie Dewit2 September 2019 1- Energie Beheer Nederland (EBN), Daalsesingel 1, 3511 SV Utrecht, the Netherlands 2- Cambridge Carbonates Ltd, No. 4 The Courtyard, 707 Warwick Road, Solihull, B91 3DA, UK 3- G.E.Plan Consulting srl, Via L. Ariosto 58, 44121 Ferrara, Italy 4- Geological Survey of the Netherlands (TNO), Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands Dit rapport is een product van het SCAN-programma en wordt mogelijk gemaakt door het Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge John Reijmer (KFUPM, Saudi Arabia), Marten ter Borgh (EBN), Henk van Lochem (Argo Geological Consultants BV, the Netherlands), and Rudy Swennen (KU Leuven, Belgium) for their helpful suggestions and constructive reviews that allowed us to improve this report. We would like to thank our collaborators from TNO (the Netherlands): Renaud Bouroullec, Susan Nelskamp, Johan ten Veen, Rader Abdul Fattah and Dries Hegen for their scientific inputs and helpful discussions throughout the project. This page intentionally left blank Table of contents List of figures and tables ......................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Samenvatting/Executive summary .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Doelstellingen van het onderzoek ............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Conclusies ...............................................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Aanbevelingen .........................................................................................................................................................4 Excecutive summary ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Aims of study ..........................................................................................................................................................6 1.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................6 1.6 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................................8 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 10 3. Databases, literature and information available ............................................................................................ 11 3.1 The Netherlands wells ...........................................................................................................................................11 3.2 Belgium, UK and Germany wells ..........................................................................................................................13 4. Geological Setting ......................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1 Structural Evolution ..............................................................................................................................................15 4.1.1 Devonian to Early Carboniferous Crustal Extension ........................................................................... 17 4.1.2 Variscan Compression.......................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.3 The Permian Uplift ............................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.4 Triassic-Jurassic Extension .................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.5 Cretaceous-Tertiary Inversion .............................................................................................................. 21 4.2 General Dinantian Carbonate Models and Analogues ...........................................................................................21 4.2.1 Dinantian carbonate buildups ............................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Tournaisian to mid Visean carbonate ramp systems along the southern Laurussian margin ............... 24 4.2.3 Tournaisian to mid Visean carbonate ramp systems north of the London-Brabant Massif .................. 28 4.2.4 Late Visean carbonate shelf and shelf margin depositional systems .................................................... 31 4.2.5 Carbonate slope and basinal depositional systems ............................................................................... 33 4.2.6 Late Warnantian (Brigantian) depositional systems ............................................................................. 33 4.3 Dinantian lithostratigraphy in the Netherlands ......................................................................................................34 4.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 34 4.3.2 Bosscheveld Formation (OBBS; early Tournaisian/Hastarian) ............................................................ 34 4.3.3 Pont d’Arcole Formation (PDA; early Tournaisian/Hastarian) ............................................................ 34 4.3.4 Zeeland Formation (CLZL; Tournaisian to Visean / Hastarian – Warnantian) .................................... 35 5. Methodologies and workflows applied in the project ................................................................................... 43 5.1 Sequence stratigraphy ............................................................................................................................................43 5.2 Core logging ..........................................................................................................................................................47 i 5.3 Petrography ...........................................................................................................................................................48 5.4 Thin section scans .................................................................................................................................................49 5.5 Cold Cathodoluminescence (CL) ..........................................................................................................................49 5.6 Sulfur Isotopes .......................................................................................................................................................49 5.7 C and O stable isotopes .........................................................................................................................................50 5.8 Fluid inclusion analysis/ Microthermometry .........................................................................................................50 5.9 X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements ................................................................................................................51 5.10 Vitrinite reflectance ...............................................................................................................................................51 5.11 Biostratigraphy ......................................................................................................................................................51 5.12 Map building .........................................................................................................................................................52 5.13 1D Basin Modeling ...............................................................................................................................................53 6. Synthesis / Results ........................................................................................................................................ 55 6.1 Sequence stratigraphy ............................................................................................................................................55 6.1.1 High resolution sequence stratigraphic sub-division of wells WSK-01 and KSL-02 .......................... 61 6.1.2 High resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation with the north Netherlands ................................... 63 6.2 Sedimentology .......................................................................................................................................................65 6.2.1 Depositional facies recognised in cores ............................................................................................... 65 6.3 Carbonate Platform Evolution ...............................................................................................................................66