Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics VOLUME 34, N UMBER 3, 2018 This issue of Immunohematology is supported by a contribution from Grifols Diagnostics Solutions, Inc. Dedicated to advancement and education in molecular and serologic immunohematology Immunohematology Journal of Blood Group Serology and Molecular Genetics Volume 34, Number 3, 2018 CONTENTS R EVIEW 85 Proceedings from the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Immunohaematology, Workshop on the Clinical Significance of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies, September 2, 2016, Dubai Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, and Augustine blood group systems M. Moghaddam and A.A. Naghi S E R OLOGIC M ETHOD R EVIEW 91 Rouleaux and saline replacement K.L. Waider O R IGINAL R EPO R T 93 Method-specific and unexplained reactivity in automated solid- phase testing and their association with specific antibodies M.E. Harach, J.M. Gould, R.P. Brown, T. Sanders and J.H. Herman S E R OLOGIC M ETHOD R EVIEW 98 Utility of chloroquine diphosphate in the blood bank laboratory T. Aye and P.A. Arndt R EVIEW 103 Proceedings from the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Immunohaematology, Workshop on the Clinical Significance of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies, Friday, September 2, 2016, Dubai Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the Scianna, Dombrock, Colton, Landsteiner-Weiner, Chido/Rodgers, H, Kx, Cromer, Gerbich, Knops, Indian, and Ok blood group systems S. Lejon Crottet C A S E R EPO R T 109 A delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reaction mediated by an anti-c in a patient with variant RH alleles T.K. Walters and T. Lightfoot S E R OLOGIC M ETHOD R EVIEW 113 Detecting polyagglutinable red blood cells C. Melland and C. Hintz I N M E M O R IA M 118 Marjory Stroup Walters J. Hegarty and T.S. Casina 120 127 131 134 A NNOUNCE M ENT S A DVE R TI S E M ENT S I N S T R UCTION S S UB S C R IPTION FO R A UTHO rs I NFO rm AT I O N E DITO R - IN -C HIEF E DITO R IAL B OA R D Sandra Nance, MS, MT(ASCP)SBB Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Patricia Arndt, MT(ASCP)SBB Geralyn M. Meny, MD Pomona, California San Antonio, Texas M ANAGING E DITO R Cynthia Flickinger, MT(ASCP)SBB Barbara J. Bryant, MD Paul M. Ness, MD Wilmington, Delaware Galveston, Texas Baltimore, Maryland Lilian M. Castilho, PhD Thierry Peyrard, PharmD, PhD TECHNICAL E DITO rs Campinas, Brazil Paris, France Janis R. Hamilton, MS, MT(ASCP)SBB Detroit, Michigan Martha R. Combs, MT(ASCP)SBB S. Gerald Sandler, MD Durham, North Carolina Washington, District of Columbia Christine Lomas-Francis, MSc New York City, New York Geoffrey Daniels, PhD Ira A. Shulman, MD Bristol, United Kingdom Los Angeles, California Joyce Poole, FIBMS Bristol, United Kingdom Anne F. Eder, MD Jill R. Storry, PhD Washington, District of Columbia Lund, Sweden Dawn M. Rumsey, ART(CSMLT) Norcross, Georgia Melissa R. George, DO, FCAP Nicole Thornton Hershey, Pennsylvania Bristol, United Kingdom Tiffany Walters, MT(ASCP)SBBCM Julie K. Karp, MD Charlotte, North Carolina Philadelphia, Pennsylvania E M E R ITU S E DITO rs S ENIO R M EDICAL E DITO R Jose Lima, MD Delores Mallory, MT(ASCP)SBB David Moolten, MD Douglassville, Georgia Supply, North Carolina Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Christine Lomas-Francis, MSc Marion E. Reid, PhD, FIBMS A ss O C I AT E M EDICAL E DITO rs New York City, New York Bristol, United Kingdom P. Dayand Borge, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Corinne L. Goldberg, MD Durham, North Carolina M OLECULA R E DITO R Margaret A. Keller, PhD Immunohematology is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania American Red Cross, National Headquarters, Washington, DC 20006. Immunohematology is indexed and included in Index Medicus and MEDLINE on the E DITO R IAL A ss I S TA N T MEDLARS system. The contents are also cited in the EBASE/Excerpta Medica and Elsevier Linda Frazier BIOBASE/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS) databases. P R ODUCTION A ss I S TA N T The subscription price is $50 for individual, $100 for institution (U.S.), and Linda Frazier $60 for individual, $100 for institution (foreign), per year. Subscriptions, Change of Address, and Extra Copies: C OPY E DITO R Frederique Courard-Houri Immunohematology, P.O. Box 40325 Philadelphia, PA 19106 P R OOF R EADE R Or call (215) 451-4902 Wendy Martin-Shuma Web site: www.redcrossblood.org/hospitals/immunohematology E LECT R ONIC P UBLI S HE R Copyright 2018 by The American National Red Cross Paul Duquette ISSN 0894-203X O N O U R C OVE R Perhaps Gustav Klimt’s best-known work, The Kiss (1907), dazzlingly melds the sensual with the abstract. The painting depicts a man and woman intertwined, he standing, bowed, while she kneels on an idealized quilt-like meadow of flowers. Their proximity to the top of the painting heightens the sense of intimacy and also suggests the possibility of transcending worldly constraints. We see little of the lovers—the back of his head, her face, their hands and feet, simply rendered but wrapped in golden raiment decorated with distinct mosaics. The man’s figure is comprised of juxtaposed rectangles and the woman’s of clustered circles, a geometry that hints at both the contrast and complement of their union. Despite its shapelessness, the gilded mass of clothing serves to intensify and exalt the physical act of the kiss and thus consecrates the couple and love itself. This issue includes Waider’s review on the use of saline replacement to identify rouleaux—the stacked coin appearance of the red cells likened to “clustered circles.” David Moolten, MD ii IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY, Volume 34, Number 3, 2018 R EVIEW Proceedings from the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Immunohaematology, Workshop on the Clinical Significance of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies, September 2, 2016, Dubai Clinical significance of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, and Augustine blood group systems M. Moghaddam and A.A. Naghi This article reviews information on the clinical significance and 6 shared missense mutation c.511C>T (p.Argl71Cys) as of antibodies to antigens in the Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, well as a synonymous single-nucleotide mutation (c.579A>G) Globoside, Gill, Rh-associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, and had no clinical features. Although the CD151 protein is CD59, and Augustine blood group systems. Antibodies to many of the antigens in these groups are rarely encountered because of the critical to cell adhesion and signaling and is implicated in high prevalence of the associated antigens in most populations. cancer progression, its significance in transfusion medicine is For many of these antibodies, the clinical significance—that is, limited to only one report of a hemolytic transfusion reaction the potential to cause reduced survival of transfused antigen- 3 positive red blood cells or a transfusion reaction (e.g., anti-P, (HTR). Least-incompatible RBC units should be selected anti-Jra, and anti-Lan), and/or hemolytic disease of the fetus and for transfusion to patients with anti-MER2.2 No information newborn (e.g., anti-RHAG4 and anti-Vel)—has been documented. on anti-MER2 causing hemolytic disease of the fetus and For other antibodies, their prevalence is so rare that information newborn (HDFN) is available.4 on the clinical significance of their antibodies is not available (e.g., anti-FORS1). Immunohematology 2018;34:85–90. John Milton Hagen Blood Group System Key Words: clinical significance, antibodies to red blood cell antigens, Raph, John Milton Hagen, I, Globoside, Gill, Rh- The John Milton Hagen (JMH) blood group system associated glycoprotein, FORS, JR, LAN, Vel, CD59, Augustine consists of six high-prevalence antigens that are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) and are Raph Blood Group System numbered sequentially from JMH1 through JMH6. Confirmed JMH variants are named with the first letter from the antibody The Raph blood group system contains just one maker’s first name following JMH (JMH2 named JMHK, antigen, MER2 (RAPH1), located on the tetraspanin CD151 JMH3 named JMHL, JMH4 named JMHG, JMH5 named glycoprotein (TM4SF).1,2 The true MER2– phenotype, JMHM, JMH6 named JMHQ).5 These antigens are located on associated with the presence of anti-MER2, is very rare and the Sema7A protein.5,6 The chromosomal location of SEMA7A results from mutations in CD151, but there is a quantitative is 15q22.3-q23. JMH1 is the primary antigen in the system red blood cell (RBC) polymorphism in which RBCs of about 8 and is present in greater than 99 percent of all individuals. The percent of white individuals are serologically MER2–.2 JMH1– phenotype is more commonly acquired by depression of the antigen. This finding might explain the serologic Clinical Significance observation of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) seen in There have been six reports of human alloantibodies to many individuals with anti-JMH.5 MER2. Three of the subjects were found to have a stop codon in the CD151 gene, which encodes a member of the tetraspanin Clinical Significance family of proteins. These three individuals had nephropathy and JMH1, commonly known as JMH, is most notable because deafness, and two of the three, who were siblings, also had skin transient depression of the antigen occurs, and (auto)anti-JMH lesions, deafness, and β-thalassemia minor.