I M-fl7 Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 22(4):732- 150, 2006 Copyright © 2006 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL ATD BIOLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA —A 16TH SYMPOSIUM GARY G. CLARK AND YASMIN RUBIO-PALJS2 I.. ABSTRACT. The 16th Annual Latin American Symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 72nd Annual Meeting in Detroit, Ml. in February 2006. The principal objective, as for the previous 15 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 34 presentations that were given orall in Spanish and 12 posters presented by participants from 6 countries in Latin America, Puerto Ric6 and the United States. The symposium addressed results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies on insecticide resistance; findings from population genetics, molecular, taxonomic, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypli and Ac. albopictus), West Nile virus (Culex quinque/asciatus). malaria (Anopheles albimanus, An. darlingi, and An. marajoara). Icishmaniasis (Lutzonivia). Chagas disease (Triatoma); and Amhlvonima. KEY WORDS Mosquitoes, dengue, malaria, West Nile virus. Jeishmaniasis, mosquito control. hionomics, Ace/es, Ainhlvonuna, Anopheles, Culex, Lutzo,niia, iriato ma INTRODUCTION ,nanus, An. darlingi, An. inarajoara). leishma n iasts (Lutzom)ia). Chagas disease (Triatoina); and The American Mosquito Control Association Ainblyoih,na. Summaries of 13 previous symposia (AMCA) is dedicated to the study and control of have hebn published (Clark and Suarez 1991, mosquitoes, other vectors, and arthropods and 1992, 1993; Clark 1995, 1996; Clark and Rangel promotes cooperation and interaction among 1997, 1998. 1999; Clark et al. 2000; Clark and professionals and students in this field both in Quiroz-Martinez 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005). the United States and internationally. To pro- mote greater and more active participation among and within a portion of its international SUMMARIES membership, a Spanish language symposium was first held at the 1991 Annual AMCA Meeting First iolations of West Nile virus from a sick and has continued at all subsequent annual human and from mosquitoes in Mexico meetings. In addition to providing a forum for Darin Elizondo-Quiroga. C. Todd Davis, scientists whose first language is Spanish, the Ildffonso Fernandez-Salas, Armando Elizondo- session promotes interaction with mosquito Quiroga,Roman Escobar-Lopez, Hilda Guzman, control industry representatives and interaction Amelia Travassos da Rosa, Bradley J. Blitvich, with professional colleagues in the United States Alan D. T. Barrett, Barry J. Beaty and who are involved in mosquito vector control, Robert B. Tesh training, and research at the university level, and with state and federal government officials. Laboratoio c/c En tomo/ogIa MM/ca, Facu/tad c/c This publication includes summaries of 34 Ciencias Bio/ógicas. Uniiersidad A utonoina tie presentations that were given orally in Spanish Nuevo Lón, Apdo. Postal 109F San Nicolas de and 12 posters presented by participants from 6 los Garza. Nuevo Leon, A1cxico: Universit p of countries in Latin America, Puerto Rico, and the Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 1X; and United States. Topics addressed in the sympo- Colorado State Uniiersiit, F,. Collins, (.O sium included results from chemical and bi- ological control programs and studies; studies of Several recent reports have documented the insecticide resistance; findings from population widespread geographic distribution of West Nile genetics, molecular, taxonomic, ecological, and virus (W NV) in Mexico, but until now, no behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes autochthdnous human cases of illness due to this aegypti and Ac. albopictus), West Nile virus virus have been reported from Mexico. All (Culex quinqueJssciatus), malaria (Anopheles a/hi- Mexican WNV isolates studied to date have U come from dead equines or birds. We report the Mosquito and Fly Research Unit. Center for First isolations of WNV from a sick person and Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, from mosquitoes. A single pool of Culex quin- Agricultural Research Service. USDA, 1600 SW 23rd que/asciatu.s yielded a virus isolate designated Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608. NI -54, which produced cytopathic effect on 2 DirecciOn de Salud Ambiental. Ministerio de Salud approximately day 7 and that was identified as y Desarrollo Social, Maracay, Aragua. Venezuela. WNV. Thel human isolate was from a 62-year-old 732 DI:CrMI3ER 2006 Mosuiro Vicrog CoNTRol. Sy irosiui 733 Mexican woman living in Sonora state. Reverse where the distribution of both species overlap and transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) where dengue-infected Ac. media litta!u,r might be was performed by using 3 primer pairs to amplify collectel. This species, the Caribbean tree hole the entire prM-E genes of each WNV isolate as mosquito, exhibits vertical transmission and described previously. PCR products were gel could act as a potential dengue virus reservoir. purified with the QiAquick kit, and the resulting Aedes species were monitored using ovijars template was directly sequenced with the ampli- throughkut the city in 5 major habitat types fying primers. The results suggest that isolates (high-de nsity housing, low-density housing, for- obtained from northern states of Mexico (Nuevo est, norforest vegetation, and wetlands) during Leon and Sonora) were derived from WNV the dry andl rainy seasons in 2005. The following strains circulating in the western United States. independent variables were used with various models vithin a raster geographical information system t predict Aede.s abundance and presence West Nile virus serology in horses in Monterrey, or absene: temperature; rainfall; elevation; slope: Nuevo Leon, Mexico human ensity; household density; normalized differene vegetation index (N DVI); and surface L. Iharra Juarez and brightness, greenness, and wetness. After model I. Fernández Salas validation, results from this research will he used Medical Enionologv Laboratory. Biological to stratify the city in terms of vector prevalence Sciences Faculty. Nuevo Leon University, San and to etablish vector control priorities for the Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo LeO,i, Mexico preventicn of dengue outbreaks. West Nile virus (WNV) is an emergent disease Spatial analysis of Aedes aegjpti infestation, in temperate regions of Europe and recently in dengue occurrence, and meteorological variables North America. West Nile virus is an arbovirus in from 1985 to 2004 in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil the family Flaviviridae that can cause inapparent infections or febrile disease, meningitis, encepha- G. Z.Laporta, P. A. V. Vieira, L. F. Mucci, litis, and death in birds, humans, and horses. M. P. Correa, M. Pereira, P. L. Brito, M. G. Birds are main vertebrate reservoirs and mosqui- Arteiro l P. A. Opromolla, R. M. Tuhaki and toes, especially Culex species, are the principal M. A. M. Salluni vectors for WNV. Nuevo LeOn state is located in northeastern Mexico where many migratory birds Un,ve,sidade de Sao Paulo. iaculdade de SaOde coming from the United States and other parts of POblica, Sao Paulo, Brazil North America arrive, and they are potentially The rintroduction of the dengue vector infected with WNV. We collected serum samples mosquito Aedes aegvpti started in the early from 66 horses from the following localities in 1980s. From 1990 to 2004, approximately Nuevo Leon state: Santiago (n = 28 samples), 145,000 of dengue cases were confirmed, and Zuazua (16), 1)r. Gonzáles, Mann (13), and the Ac. aegJ7p1i infestation had spread to 498 cities Pesqueria (9). These samples were processed by in the state of Sao Paulo. To describe the spatial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and temporal distribution of Ac. aegypti, dengue test and 58% had anti-WNV antibodies. cases andl temperature data in the state of Sao Paulo werel analyzed. All databases were exported to a geographic information system (GIS). By Predicting the distribution of dengue vectors in an using GIS methodology, the data were used to urban area create thematic maps and to carry out spatial Roberto Barrera, Joshua Smith, Manuel statistics analysis. The temperature showed Amador, Brad J. Biggerstaff. Jonathan Cox and strong correlation with both dengue occurrence Gary G. Clark and mosquito infestation. Areas where the difference I between the highest temperature in Dengue Branch. Cetiters for Disease Control and the winter1 and the highest temperature in the Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of summer were approximately 2°C showed faster Vector Borne infectious Diseases. Centers for mosquito infestation. In contrast, in areas where Disease control and Prevention, it. Collins, CO; the difference between the highest temperature in and Yale University, New Haven, CT the winterl and the highest temperature in the summer was higher than 4°C, the infestation was The objectives of this research were to produce slow, and the number of dengue cases was lower predictive maps with the distribution of potential than in those areas where the infestation was dengue vectors (Aedes aegypti and Ac. inediovit- faster. Thus, temperature influenced both mos- tatus) in the metropolitan area of San Juan. quito infes:tation and the dynamics of dengue Puerto Rico, and to locate areas within the