Naval War College Review Volume 55 Article 27 Number 1 Winter 2002 Winter 2002 Full Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation War College, The .SU . Naval (2002) "Winter 2002 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 55 : No. 1 , Article 27. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol55/iss1/27 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War College: Winter 2002 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW NAVALWAR COLLEGE REVIEW Winter 2002 Volume LV, Number 1 Winter 2002 Winter N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O N L L U E E G H E T IRIB ORIA V US T MARI VIC Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2002 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 55 [2002], No. 1, Art. 27 Cover An F/A-18C Hornet approaches the flight deck of USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) on 30 October 2001 for a landing. The Arleigh Burke–class guided-missile de- stroyer USS McFaul (DDG 74) is visible astern on plane-guard station. The Theo- dore Roosevelt battle group was partici- pating in Operation ENDURING FREEDOM against Taliban and al-Queda targets in Afghanistan, embodying the nation’s leadership in the global fight against terrorism. Such campaigns, how- ever, are only one element (most promi- nent since the events of 11 September 2001) of the role of the United States in the world—several aspects of which are taken up by articles in this issue. Judge James Baker, who was in the White House during the 1999 Nato Kosovo campaign, assesses the obligations of legal advisors to the president in contemporary warfare; a panel of distinguished scholars exchange views on the nature (and limi- tations) of transformation of the U.S. military to meet its global responsibilities of tomorrow; and Professor Roger Barnett of the Naval War College argues that, thanks to a number of factors, the scene depicted on our cover—the U.S. Navy in the forefront, influencing events ashore with great effectiveness—is emblematic of the future. U.S. Navy photo by Chief Photographer’s Mate Johnny Bivera. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol55/iss1/27 2 War College: Winter 2002 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Winter 2002 Volume LV, Number 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2002 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 55 [2002], No. 1, Art. 27 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW ADVISORY BOARD Professor Inis L. Claude, Jr. Dr. Norman Friedman Professor Colin Gray The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discus- Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., U.S. Navy, Ret. sion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts Professor Paul M. Kennedy and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are Professor James R. Kurth not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or The Honorable Robert J. Murray the Naval War College. Professor George H. Quester The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to com- Professor Eugene V. Rostow mands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regu- Vice Admiral James B. Stockdale, U.S. Navy, Ret. lar and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a Lieutenant General Bernard E. Trainor, present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. gov- U.S. Marine Corps, Ret. ernment officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, Professor Russell F. Weigley research centers, publications, and educational institutions. The Honorable G. William Whitehurst Contributors PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor Rear Admiral Rodney P. Rempt, U.S. Navy or access it on-line before submitting manuscripts. 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[email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Design by Chapman and Partners, Warren, R.I. Cushing Rd., Newport, R.I. 02841-1207. Composition and typesetting by JIL Information Systems, Newport, R.I. ISSN 0028-1484 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol55/iss1/27 4 War College: Winter 2002 Full Issue CONTENTS President’s Forum. 5 When Lawyers Advise Presidents in Wartime Kosovo and the Law of Armed Conflict . 11 James E. Baker The potentially poor fit between traditional categories of military objective and the reality of conflict in which targets fall on a continuum of judgment between military and civilian becomes more perilous in an age of international scrutiny where good-faith differences of view can take on criminal implications. The United States and the World What Do We Mean by “Transformation”? An Exchange. 27 Andrew L. Ross, Michèle A. Flournoy, Cindy Williams, and David Mosher What is “defense transformation” (by whatever name), and how might it affect strategy? What might it cost, and how could its cost affect military forces? What systemic impediments to implementation does it face, and what are its competitors in the budgetary realm? A distinguished panel of the Secretary of the Navy’s Current Strategy Forum held at the Naval War College on 12–13 June 2001 addressed these issues from various perspectives. Naval Power for a New American Century . 43 Roger W. Barnett Today, with the free use of the sea, the air over the sea, space, and cyberspace; with the power of information superiority enabled by networking; with long-range precision weapons; with the development of new, abundant, and affordable sensors to illuminate the future battlespace; and with the techniques of information warfare, navies are far more able than ever before to influence events ashore rapidly, directly, and decisively. The Beira Patrol Britain's Broken Blockade against Rhodesia . 63 Richard Mobley A widely publicized challenge to a 1965 oil embargo against the white-minority regime of the breakaway colony of Southern Rhodesia led Britain to establish, with a Security Council mandate, an equally widely publicized maritime blockade—from which, though ineffective and burdensome, the Royal Navy and Air Force could not extricate themselves for nine years. Newly available archival sources illuminate a case study of the political imperatives and rules of engagement of maritime intercept operations. Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2002 5 Naval War College Review, Vol.