Abbreviations Language abbreviations Abaz Abaza Da Danish Abkh Abkhaz Dar Dargwa Ady Adyghe Du Dutch Agh Aghul Akk Akkadian EBasq Basque (East) Alb Albanian (Tosk) Elfd Elfdalian Andi Andi Eng English AngRo Angloromani Est Estonian AnNo Anglo-Norman Etr Etruscan Arab Arabic Arm Armenian Far Faroese Ash Ashkun Finn Finnish Ass Assamese Fr French Ass Assyrian Fri Frisian Av Avestan Friu Friulian Avar Avar Azb Azerbaijani Gag Gagauz Gau Gaulish Bal Baluchi Geo Georgian Basq Basque Ger German Bat Batsbi Ben Bengali Gil Gilaki BeRu Belorussian Gm Germanic (branch) Bes Beshta Goth Gothic Bhi Bhili Guj Gujarati BHS Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Bre Breton Hatt Hattic Bryth Brythonic Hin Hindi BSl Balto-Slavic (branch) Hitt Hittite Bud Budukh Hun Hungarian Bul Bulgarian Hurr Hurrian Cat Catalan Ice Icelandic CBalt Common Baltic IE Indo-European (family) CCelt Common Celtic IIr Indo-Iranian (branch) CCirc Common Circassian Ing Ingush CeItIb Celtiberian Ir Irish CFin Common Finnic It Italian CFU Common Finno-Ugric Chech Chechen Ka Kashmiri CIE Common Indo-European Kab Kabardian CIIr Common Indo-Iranian KarB Karachay-Balkar Cir Common Iranian Kartv Kartvelian (family) ClArm Classical Armenian Kat Kati ClGr Classical Greek Kaz Kazakh Co Cornish Khi Khinalug CoSl Common Slavic Cr Croatian Kho Khowar CRom Common Romance Khot Khotanese CrTat Crimean Tatar Khw Khwarshi Cscand Common Scandinavian Kon Konkani CSem Common Semitic Kryz Kryz CSl Common Slavic KuKur Kurdish (Kurmanji) CT Common Tocharian Kum Kumauni CTk Common Turkic Kumy Kumyk Cz Czech KuSor Kurdish (Sorani) https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110367416-205 x Abbreviations Lad Ladin OIr Old Irish Lah Lahnda OIt Old Italian Lak Lak OMar Old Marathi Lat Latin ON Old Norse Latv Latvian OPer Old Persian Laz Laz OPol Old Polish Lez Lezgian OPor Old Portuguese LG Low German OPro Old Provençal Lith Lithuanian OPru Old Prussian LLat Late Latin OR Oriya Luw Luwian ORu Old Russian Lyc Lycian OS Old Saxon Lyd Lydian Osc Oscan OSp Old Spanish Mai Maithili Oss Ossetian (Iron) Mald Maldivian OSw Old Swedish Manx Manx OTHeb Old Testament Hebrew Mar Marathi OTk Old Turkic Marw Marwari OWel Old Welsh MedLat Medieval Latin Mess Messapian Pa Pali Mgr Megrelian PAAs Proto-Afro-Asiatic MHG Middle High German PAlb Proto-Albanian MiBre Middle Breton Par Parachi MiCo Middle Cornish PArm Proto-Armenian MiDu Middle Dutch Pas Pashto MiEng Middle English PBalt Proto-Baltic MiFr Middle French PBryth Proto-Brythonic MiGr Middle Greek PBSl Proto-Balto-Slavic MiIr Middle Irish PCelt Proto-Celtic MiWel Middle Welsh PGalRom Proto-Gallo-Romance MLat Medieval Latin PD Proto-Dagestanian MLG Middle Low German Per Persian MoArm Modern Armenian PFi Proto-Finnic MoGr Modern Greek PFU Proto-Finno-Ugric MPer Middle Persian PGm Proto-Germanic Phoe Phoenician Nep Nepali Phr Phrygian Norw Norwegian PIAr Proto-Indo-Aryan NorwB Norwegian (Bokmål) PIbRom Proto-Ibero-Romance NorwN Norwegian (Nynorsk) PIE Proto-Indo-European NoSa Northern Saami PIIr Proto-Indo-Iranian OAw Old Awadhi PIr Proto-Iranian OBre Old Breton PItal Proto-Italic OCat Old Catalan Pkt Prakrit Occ Occitan PKv Proto-Kartvelian OChin Old Chinese PN Proto-Nakh OCo Old Cornish PNGm Proto-North-Germanic OCS Old Church Slavonic PNWC Proto-Northwest Caucasian OCz Old Czech Pol Polish ODan Old Danish Por Portuguese ODu Old Dutch Pras Prasun OGut Old Gutnish Pro Provençal OE Old English PRom Proto-Romance OFr Old French PSl Proto-Slavic OFran Old Franconian PSSl Proto-South-Slavic OFri Old Frisian PT Proto-Tocharian OGeo Old Georgian PU Proto-Uralic OGuj Old Gujarati Pu Punjabi OHG Old High German PZ Proto-Zan Language abbreviations xi Raj Rajasthani Sinh Sinhalese RoAr Romani (Arli) Skt Sanskrit RoBGur Romani (Banatiski Gurbet) Slo Slovene RoBu Romani (Bugurdži) Slovak Slovakian RoBur Romani (Burgenland) Sog Sogdian RoCr Romani (Crimean) Sp Spanish RoDol Romani (Dolenjski) StAr Standard Arabic RoEr Romani (Sofia Erli) Sw Swedish RoESl Romani (East Slovak) Sva Svan RoGu Romani (Gurvari) SwGer Swiss German RoGur Romani (Gurbet) Syr Syriac RoHuV Romani (Hungarian Vend) RoKa Romani (Kale) TA Tocharian A RoKel Romani (Kelderash) Tab Tabasaran RoKoA Romani (Kosovo Arli) Taj Tajik RoLat Romani (Latvian) Tal Talysh RoLith Romani (Lithuanian) TB Tocharian B RoLov Romani (Lovara) Thr Thracian Rom Romanian Tre Tregami Roma Romansh Tsakh Tsakhur RoMaA Romani (Macedonian Arli) Tur Turkish RoMDj Romani (Macedonian Džambazi) Turk Turkic (family) RoNR Romani (North Russian) Turkm Turkmen RoPr Romani (Prekmurski) Tuv Tuvan RoRo Romani (Romungro) RoSe Romani (Sepečides) Uby Ubykh RoSGu Romani (Sremski Gurbet) Udi Udi RoSi Romani (Sinte) Ugar Ugaritic RoUr Romani (Ursari) Ukr Ukrainian RoVe Romani (Veršend) Umbr Umbrian RoWe Romani (Welsh) Ur Urdu Ru Russian USorb Upper Sorbian Rut Rutul Uygh Uyghur Uzb Uzbek SAlt Southern Altai Sard Sardinian VulL Vulgar Latin ScGae Scottish Gaelic SCr Serbo-Croatian Wai Waigali ScRo Scandoromani Wak Wakhi Scy Scythian Wall Walloon Sem Semitic (family) WBasq Basque (West) Ser Serbian Wel Welsh Shug Shughni Sic Sicilian Yag Yagnobi Sin Sindhi Yi Yiddish xii Abbreviations Grammar abbreviations (listed glossings target grammatical categories not fund in Leipzig glossing rules) a alternans (gender) (appendix) abl. ablative abs. absolutive acc. accusative AD adessive (glossing) adj adjective (appendix) all. allative ALLOC allocutive agreement (glossing) anim. animated c common gender (appendix) com. comitative dat. dative erg. ergative f feminine (appendix) gen. genitive infl inflected form (appendix) instr. instrumental loc. locative m masculine (appendix) MPASS middle-passive (glossing) n neuter (appendix) nom. nominative nt. neuter obl. oblique perl. perlative pl plural (appendix) pl. plural ppart preterite participle (appendix) s substantive (appendix) sg singular (appendix) sg. singular vn verbal noun (appendix) voc. vocative Other abbreviations and symbols xiii Other abbreviations and symbols < derived from, inherited from ← borrowed from b. big c. certain coll. collective comp. compound der. derivation dim. diminutive esp. especially etym. etymology f. female gen. generic l. large lit. literary m. male migr. migration word orig. originally pl. plural ref. reference s. small sing. singular spe. specific sth. something substr. substrate symb. sound symbolic uct. uncertain w. wild y. young.