MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY MPPSC PRELIMS 2020 ATMANIRBHAR PROGRAM PRELIMS QUICK REVISION NOTES HISTORY DAY 40 - EARLY- MEDIEVAL PERIOD (8th-12th Century) THE RAJPUTS Some Important Rajputs Kingdoms IMPORTANT RAJPUTS DYNASTIES o The Pawar/Parmar of Malwa: 790-1036 AD o The Gahadval/Rathor of Kannauj : 1090-1194AD o The Chauhans/Chahaman of Delhi-Ajmer: 7th -12th Century AD o The Karkota, Utpala and Lohara of Kashmir : 800-1200 AD ) o The Chandellas of Jejakabhukti: 831-1202 AD o The Senas : 1095-1230 AD o The Guhilota/Sisodiya of Mewar: 8th - 20th Century AD o Tomars of Delhi : 736 AD Salient features of the Rajput Kingdoms. Causes of the Decline of Rajputas ARAB CONQUEST OF SIND (712-1206 AD) MEDIEVAL INDIA The Medieval period of Indian History: This period lies between 8th and 18th century AD and is classified as : The Early Medieval period (8th to 12th century AD) The Later Medieval period (13th to 18th century AD). EARLY- MEDIEVAL PERIOD (8th to 12th Century) The Ancient Indian history came to an end with the rule of Harsha and Pulakeshin-II. From the death of Harsha to the 12th century, the destiny of India was mostly in the hands of various Rajput dynasties. MPPSCADDA THE RAJPUTS Different theories about the origin of the Rajputs : (i) They are the descendants of Lord Rama (Surya Vansha) or Lord Krishna (Chandra Vansha) or the hero who sprang from the sacrificial fire (Agni Kula theory). (ii) They belong to the Kshatriya families. (iii) The most accepted theory is that Rajputs were of a foreign origin, who came as conquerors and settled in West India. MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS (MPPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2020 Enroll @2499) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY The two main clans of Rajputs are : (i) Surya Vansha (Sun family) (ii) Chandra Vansha (Moon family). The Rajputs clans claims to have descendent from a mythical figure that arose out of a sacrificial fire pit near Mount Abu, i.e. of Agnikula origin. They are : 1. Chauhans of East Rajasthan 2. Prathiharas of South Rajasthan 3. Chalukyas of Kathiawar 4. Parmars of Malwa. Some Important Rajputs Kingdoms Rajputa kingdoms Capital Founder Chalukya/Chahaman of Delhi Vasudeva Delhi-Ajmer Chalukya/Solanki of Anihalvada Mularaja-I Kathiawar Chandela of Khajjuraho, Mahoba, Nannuk Chandela Jejakabhukti Kalinga Gadhawal/Rathor of Kannauj Chandradeva Kannauj Sisodiya of Chiittor Bappa Rawal, Mewar Hammir I Kalchuri/Haihaya of Tripura Kokkala I Chedi Pratihara/Parihar of Avanti, Kannauj Nagabhatt I Kannauj Pawar/ParmarMPPSCADDA of Ujjain, Dhar Sri Harsha Malwa Rasthrakuta of Malkhand/Manyakheta Dantidurg Malkhed MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS (MPPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2020 Enroll @2499) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY IMPORTANT REGIONAL RAJPUTS DYNASTIES The Pawar/Parmar of Malwa (790-1036 AD) Vakpati Munj was the founder of the Parmara dynasty. The Parmaras ruled in the Malwa region. The Parmaras initially had their capital at Ujjain. The Parmaras later transferred their capital to Dhar. Vakpati was a great patron of art and literature. Padmagupta and Dhananjya graced the court of Vakpati. The greatest ruler of dynasty was Bhoja. He built the city of Bhojpur and founded a college, Bhojshala near Dhara. The Gadhval/Rathor of Kannauj (1090-1194 AD) The Gadhval dynasty was founded by Chandradeva. The capital of Gahadaval was Kannauj. Govindchandra conquered east Malwa. Govind Chandra's minister Lakshmidhara wrote Krityakalpataru. In the Battle of Chandawar (1194 A.D.) Mohammad Ghori defeated Jaichandra. Harischandra was the last ruler of Gadhval dynasty. The Chauhans/Chahaman of Delhi-Ajmer: (7th -12th Century AD) The Chauhans were the feudatories of Pratihara. The Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty emerged near Sakambhari (Ajmer). Simharaja declared independence in the middle of 10th century. Ajayraja founded the city of Ajaymeru (Ajmer). Prithviraja Chauhan ascended to the throne in 1177 AD. Prithviraja Chauhan defeated Muhammad Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain (1191 AD). In the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD) Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan. The Karkota, Utpala and Lohara of Kashmir (800-1200 AD) Three dynasties Karkota, Utpala and Lohara ruled Kashmir during 800 AD to 1200AD. Karkota dynasty was founded by Durlabh Vardhana. Lalitaditya Muktapida defeated Yasovarman of Kannauj. Lalitaditya built the famous Sun temple at Martand. Utpala dynasty was founded by Avantivarman. Queen Didda ruled from 990 AD to 1003 AD. Sangramraja founded the Lohara dynasty. Kalhana wrote Rajatarangini in 12th century. The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (831-1202 AD) The dynastyMPPSCADDA was founded by Nanuka in the early years of 9th century and his capital was Khajuraho. The Chandelas ruled in Bundelkhand. Dhanga was the first independent king of the Chandela dynasty and assumed the title Maharajadhiraja. He was succeeded by Ganda who was succeeded by Vidyadhara. During Vidyadhara's reign, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Kalinjar in 1019 and again in 1022. In 1165, Parmardideva was defeated by Prithviraj a Chauhan. Temples of Khajuraho were built by Chandelas. MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS (MPPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2020 Enroll @2499) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY The Senas (1095-1230 AD) The Senas supercede and replaced the Palas in Bengal. The Senas called themselves Brahma Kshatriya. Vijaysena ascended the throne in 1095 AD and enlarged the frontiers of Senas. Vijayapuri and Vikrampuri were two capitals of Senas. Vijayasena was succeeded by his son Ballalsena. Ballalsena established the tradition of Kulinism. Ballalsena wrote Adbhutsagar and Dansagar. Ballalsena was succeeded by Lakshmansena. Bakhtiyar Khalji invaded Bengal during the reign of Lakshmansena. Jayadeva, Dhoyi , Umapati Dhar and Halayudha adorned Lakshman sena's court. The Guhilota/Sisodiya of Mewar (8th - 20th Century AD) Rana Kumbha was the famous ruler of Mewar. He defeated Mohammad Khilji and erected the Tower of victory (Vijay Stambha) in Chittor. His successors Rana Sangram Singh (Rana Sanga) and Maharana Pratap were also great kings of Mewar state. Maharana Pratap A Rajput ruler of Mewar, he belonged to the Sisodia clan of Suryavanshi Rajputs, he was a son of Udai Singh II. The Battle of Haldighati was fought on 18th June, 1576, in which Maharana Pratap was defeated by Akbar‘s army, led by Raja Maan Singh. Maharana Pratap had to flee the field on his trusted horse- Chetak. He had to retreat into the Aravallis, from where he continued his struggle through the tactics of guerilla warfare, he died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident. Tomars of Delhi : 736 AD Delhi was established by the Tomars in 736 AD. In the beginning, Tomars remained feudatory of Pratiharas. Afterwards they became independent. Chauhan Vigraharaja III took the Tomars under his suzerainty. Salient features of the Rajput Kingdoms The country remained free from invasions but lost foreign contact. The caste system was rigid. The Rajputs were proud warriors and hospitable people. In the field of culture many great fortresses and temples were built by them such as Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh) Lingaraj a temple (Bhubaneswar, Orissa) Sun templeMPPSCADDA (Konarka, Orissa) the Jagannath temple (Puri) Dilwara temple (Mount Abu). Religion The Rajputs were staunch followers of Hinduism. They also patronized Buddhism and Jainism. It was during their period that the Bhakti Cult started. They made war as their chief occupation. However, trade and agriculture also prospered. MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS (MPPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2020 Enroll @2499) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY They built strong forts. Language and Literature Some of the literary works of this period are Kalhana's Rajatarangini Jayadeva' s Gita Govindam Somadeva's Kathasaritasagar. Chand Bardai, the court poet of Prithviraj Chauhan; wrote Prithviraj Raso in which he refers to the military exploits of Prithviraj Chauhan. Bhaskara Charya wrote Siddhanta Shiromani, a book on astronomy. Rajasekhara was the court poet of Mahendrapala and Mahipala. His best known works were Karpuramanjari and Bala Ramayana. Causes of the Decline of Rajputas Lack of unity and foresightedness Caste system and Defective military organisation were some of the causes for the downfall of the Rajputs. MPPSCADDA MPPSC PRELIMS 2020- MPPSCADDA ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS (MPPSC PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2020 Enroll @2499) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com ATMANIRBHAR PT 100 DAYS - HISTORY MPPSC PRELIMS 2020 ATMANIRBHAR PROGRAM PRELIMS QUICK REVISION NOTES HISTORY DAY 41 - DELHI SULTANATE I (1206-1526 AD) LEARNING OBJECTIVES Today we are going to study the following topics: The Delhi Sultanate Period (1602-1526 AD) 1. The Ilbari/Slave dynasty (1206-1290 AD); Qutubuddin Aibak (1206-1210 AD) Shamsuddin Iltutmish (1211-1236 AD) Razia Sultana (1236-1240 AD) Ghiyasuddin Balban (1265 - 1286 AD) 2. The Khalji dynasty (1290-1320AD); Jalaluddin Khalji (1290 - 1296 AD) Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316 AD) Delhi Sultanate Period (1206-1526 AD) The Sultanate of Delhi had 5 ruling dynasties: