Section: 1.3 Name: Section Title: Microevolution Opening Activity: Latin Root Word: micro - Review of Old Information: NONE New Information: I. What is Microevolution? • Microevolution -populations and species change through time resulting from relatively _______________ genetic variations • Speciation - the process of new species forming from old species. Driven by ________________ and _______________ isolation. II. Rates of Speciation: 1. Gradualism: gradual evolution, new species develop over ______________ periods of time. 2. Punctuated Equilibrium: long, stable periods of time separated by _______________ changes. III. What causes Microevolution? • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ lV. Mutation • A change in _______________ structure that causes the expression of a different trait which changes the gene frequency. V. Migration • _______________ - gene frequencies changing by individuals moving into a population • _______________ - gene frequencies changing by individuals moving out of a population VI. Genetic Drift • shift in gene frequencies as a result of _______________ _______________ which changes overall genes in the population (i.e. wildfire, flood, drought, etc.) VII. Natural Selection • Stabilizing Selection : • Directional Selection : • Disruptive Selection : • Sexual Selection : Diagram: Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection Directional Selection Activity: 1. What is the definition of evolution? a. What do you think the prefix “micro” means? b. Therefore, how would you define microevolution? 2. _____A small change in gene frequencies to a population overtime is called a. Macroevolution b. Speciation c. Microevolution d. Migration 3. _____Which of the following is not a type of natural selection? a. Disruptive selection b. Directional selection c. Rotational selection d. Stabilizing selection 4. _____Which of the following is not a cause of natural selection? a. Speciation b. Mutation c. Migration d. Genetic Drift e. All of the above 5. _____Which of the following is not an assumption of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium a. There is no mutation b. There is no migration c. Individuals mate randomly d. There is no natural selection e. None of the above 6. _____The ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass on its traits is called a. Speciation b. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium c. Fitness d. Genetic Drift 7. _____A population of beetles reproduces and the parent generation has 75% brown genes and 25% green genes. Due to random luck the offspring of the population has 71% brown genes and 29% green genes. This phenomenon is called ______? a. Mutation b. Genetic Drift c. Speciation d. Sexual selection 8. _____There is a population of peppered moths that exist in an industrialized area where soot has covered areas of plants in the environment. Peppered moths can be all white, white with black spots, and all black. Which of the three peppered moths would be considered most fit for that environment? a. White b. Spotted c. Black d. None of the above 10. _____Natural selection where organisms with either extreme expression for a particular trait are more likely to survive is known as ______________. a. Directional selection b. Disruptive selection c. Stabilizing selection 11. _____Speciation is driven by a. Species area effect b. Catastrophism c. Geographic and reproductive isolation d. Uniformitarianism 12. _____Gradualism states that new species develop over a. Disruptive selection b. Long periods of time c. Quick changes d. Stabilizing selection 13. The mechanisms for microevolution: mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. These mechanisms cause a change in gene frequency in a single population which is the definition of microevolution. Explain each mechanism in you own words using complete sentences. a. Mutation: b. Migration: c. Genetic Drift: d. Natural Selection: 14. The process of a new species developing through microevolution from a pre-existing species is called ________________________. 15. There are four types of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection, distributive selection, and sexual selection. Match the description of the four types of natural selection with the following pictures. Stabilizing selection is when individuals with an average trait have the greatest chance of survival. 1 __________ Directional selection is when individuals with one of the more extreme traits are more likely to survive. 2 __________ Sexual selection is when females choose males to mate with bases on certain traits. 3 __________ Disruptive selection is organism with either extreme trait have a greater chance of survival. 4 __________ .