DESIGNING THE FUTURE OF COASTAL VIRGINIA BEACH LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND PLANNING STUDIO Landscape Architecture Program School of Architecture + Design Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Dr. Mintai Kim COURSE DESCRIPTION TABLE OF CONTENTS: This book documents the developments in an advanced studio course that enables students to address land- PHASE (1): scape architectural design and planning issues in various contexts and at a range of scales. Course Introduction ..........................................................4 Land planning and design in urban, suburban, and rural environments are a major professional PHASE 2: realm of landscape architects. Informed land planning and design should carefully consider the GIS Analysis for virginia beach ......................................22 impacts of each project on the surrounding wwenvironment. It is essential to understand that macro scale processes that link each project to its larger regional and global context. Responsible planning and design also depends on knowledge of the social needs, historic and cultural values, PHASE 3: political and economical feasibility, and perceptions of the people who are affected by the design Geodesign Workshop......................................................48 and planning activities. PHASE 4: The studio is aimed at providing students with the ability to understand, synthesize and apply Design & Planning...........................................................60 cultural and natural factors and issues on a continuum from a large scale environment to a site level environment. Topics to be studied and applied include ecological planning and design and sustainable development. Course OBJECTIVES: • identify a focus for individual inquiry within a broad design or planning context • identify and evaluate pertinent issues and formulate design objectives appropriate to the focus of inquiry • apply landscape design and planning principles and methods derived from a range of disciplinary perspec- tives, to the development of design proposals • communicate design and planning proposals using conventional and digital means 2 Introduction - Population on age>65 will be 25% :137 DESIGNING THE FUTURE OF COASTAL 5- The City of Virginia Beach could lose about Major assumptions and innovations Phase One: VIRGINIA BEACH 45,000 acres from water inundation, assuming -Considering the potential sea level rise when The concept of Geodesign is used as a frame- 4-feet of relative sea level rise without considering planning the water infrastructure. - Introduction work for generating resilient plans and policies storm surge effects or sea level rise adaptation -Protecting agricultural lands for coastal resilience. The coastal city of Virginia measures. -Focusing on the business district area when Beach is facing a sea level rise with frequent storm 6- The Virginia Beach-Norfolk Metropolitan Sta- Implementing green infrastructure - VA Beach and Sea Level Rise surges, does not have a comprehensive resilient tistical Area ranks 10th in the world in value of -Producing energy through a variety of methods, -Major Requirements by 2050 plan against sea level rise. The comprehensive assets exposed to increased flooding from relative using non-renewable and renewable sources. -Major assumptions and innovations plan for the city is addressed the problem of sea level rise, according to RMS. -Improving connectivity. level rises without presenting plans for resisting 7- Hampton Roads is the largest population -Protecting the areas from the scope of Industry, -Challenges Facing Virginia Beach the main challenges facing Virginia Beach such as: center at greatest risk from sea level rise outside Commerce, and Tourism from sea level rise. Relocation of residents- particularly low-income of New Orleans - providing a higher density residential hous- - Case studies neighborhoods/ protect environmentally sensitive 8 - Develop spaces and infrastructure required ing in areas that are less at-risk for sea level rise areas/ managing stormwater; Quantity , Quality / along the corridor to encourage healthy living for flooding. Population increase/Military sustainability /Infra- all citizens of Virginia Beach. -Expanding urban mixed-use districts. structure and Soil quality/ Upgrade and modify Major Requirements by 2050 -Saving the military lands and the governments policies. Geodesignhub is used to evaluate scenar- - 100,000 more people in the city (45,000 new activities. ios for adapting to sea level rise in Virginia Beach. household). - Current population: 450,000 Total 2- Challenges Facing Virginia Beach Population in 2050: 550,000. VA Beach and Sea Level Rise -Tourism adjustment to sea level rise 1- A two-foot rise in global sea level is likely to - 30,000 New houses including 18,000 single fam- -Relocation of residents, particularly low income result in a relative sea-level rise of approximately ily (5 du/ac) detached 8,000 town houses (12-14 neighborhoods 2.9 feet in the beach region. du/acre), and 4,000 multi family housing - own -Help environmental problems/protect environ- 2- Rising sea levels threaten economic industry, (30-50 du/acre). mentally sensitive areas. such as hotels, restaurants, and resorts. - 10,000 New apartments - rental (30/50 du/acre). -Stormwater managements: Quantity, Quality, In- 3- Sea level rise will also result in an increase in Additionally, 45,000 people displaced by 3-ft creased storm intensity the frequency and intensity of storms along the sea-level rise requiring new housing. -Population increase coast. - 3 Million sq ft of new office space -Military sustainability 4- These storms can submerge the U.S. Navy’s - 5,000 acre new commercial space -Infrastructure Dam Neck Fleet Combat Training Center, and - Minimum 20,000 acre new parks, recreation -Soil quality the nearby Norfolk Naval Base. and conservation -Upgrade/modify policies 4 5 - Case Studies FLOODABLE DEVELOPMENT Copenhagen Cloudburst Formula Ramboll Studio Dreiseitl ELEVATED DEVELOPMENTS Northern Riverfront City of Copenhagen Willamette Falls Riverwalk Healthy Habitat: The NR and the Flour Mill Founda- https://www.asla.org/2016awards/171784.html Snøhetta tion Oregon City, Oregon The elevated path does a good job of separating the https://www.asla.org/2018awards/450582-Willamette_ visitors from the ecosystems and water system that Falls_Riverwalk.html would have damaged the development. Flood plains where water rises and falls are able to freely flow natu- Blue-Green Boulevards: rally with the architectural elements, giving leeway for Many streets in Copenhagen already utilize grade native species to also thrive. change as a way to separate the pedestrian realm South Riverfront from car and bike traffic. This system sets up a Economic Redevelopment: The Public Yard and formula for a particular type of green street, in Woolen Mill Alcove which vegetation belts are inserted to infiltrate and The design uses the topography and remediated absorb some runoff. What isn’t absorbed can pool Willamette Falls Riverwalk habitat to its advantage with the stairs (built as a in the v-shaped street center, allowing the elevated The site has existing historical development of stageto the open expansive views) facing towards sidewalks to remain as “safety zones.” the falls and the river. Continuing down the edge industriabuildings, ecosystems, and etc. This pro- This project addresses the need for Copenhagen of the amphitheater like structure is the steep edge vides opportunities and challenges because of the to armor the city against increasingly unpredict- condition falling towards the water spilling into location within the Willamette river floodplain Remediating older exisitng industrial buildings able storm events, which have caused incredible the landscape. Opportunities for safe distancing with high chances of flooding risks and damage can be used as newer infrastructure for flood pro- damage in the past decade. of outlooks and flexible ecosystem relationships. of wildlife and hazardous building material. Each tected environments Planners and designers collaborated to produce site is adjacent to the river while exposed to the PGE Dam and Mill E Historical and Cultural Interpretation: Taking away development or peeling it away al- a design implementing a “surface-first” approach floodplain affecting development systems, eco- The Mill Reserve and Mill H Overlook lows a habitual space for both species and allow- of mitigating stormwater impacts over pipe-based nomical systems, and cultural natural sites. Destinations for outward views, the buildings are ing water to flow (controlled) stormwater infrastructure systems. “Blue-Green” Environmental data to understand the season- placed on the landscape with primary use of es- Economic opportunities solutions are also used, described as low-tech, on Blue-Green Parks: al activities that take place over the course of the cape from the lower elevation and water rise. The Studying environmetla patterns controls a frame- the surface, and interactive; suited for confined Certain parks are selected as catchment areas and year, this includes looking at migratory and breed- lofted path is well supported by the reconfigured work of designing for inhabital spaces urban spaces. The strategy involves establishing renovated to accept the extra water. These parks ing patterns of native spcies, industry operation structures, a safe thread for circulation. catchment areas within the city and retrofitting utilize basins to retain water and prevent overflow