Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00940-0 - A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Index More information Index abayas , 196n1 in Oman, 72 – 74 , 92 – 93 , 131 Abd al-Aziz (Saudi Amir), 45 on Zanzibar, 71 , 74 Abd al-Aziz bin Said, 87 anti-Muslim/Islam perceptions in Abdallah ibn Faisal, 77 West, 237 Abduh, Mohammed, 73 Appadurai, Arjun, 69 Abdullah, Salem, 219n16 Arab League, 123 – 124 , 153 – 154 abolitionism, 50 , 58 Arab nationalism Omani cooperation with, 58 – 59 , 86 – 87 Dhofari participation in, 137 – 138 Abu Dhabi, 107n4 , 181 – 182 and Imamate, 106 , 117 – 118 , 123 – 124 Afghanistan, Omani support for US Arab rulers, legitimacy of, 251 – 252 intervention in, 234 – 235 Arab Spring, 248 – 250 afl aj (irrigation channels), 8 – 9 in Oman, 250 – 259 Africa, see East Africa Arab-Israeli confl ict, peace process, Africans, see East Africans 215 – 218 agriculture, 8 – 9 Arabian Nights , 13 – 14 Agriculture, Fisheries and Industries Arabian Peninsula Council, 203 oil exploration in, 95 – 96 , 100 – 102 Ahmad bin Hilal (ruler of Oman), 13 British concessions/interests, 101 – 102 , Ahmad bin Said (Imam/Sultan of Oman, 104 , 110 1749–1783), 17 – 18 , 23 and Buraimi dispute, 109 , 110 Muscat captured by, 32 – 34 Arabs rise to power, 27 – 32 in Oman, 6 – 8 , 27 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 243 , 245 trade with China, 12 – 13 Al Bu Said dynasty, 2 , 87 Aramco Oil Company, 107 and constitutional monarchy, 227 – 228 Azd Arabs, 6 – 7 , 27 founding of, 17 – 18 , 23 Azzan bin Qays (Imam of Oman, and Ibadism, 10 1868–1871), 72 , 75 , 77 , 78 – 81 internal confl icts, 32 – 34 , 76 – 77 opposition against, 18 – 19 , 77 – 78 Badger, George Percy, 86 Al-Qaida, 234 , 235 – 236 Badr bin Sayf, 46 , 47 – 48 Algiers Agreement (1975), 184 al-Bahlani, Nasir bin Salim, 83 – 84 al-Amri, Mohammed, 258 Bahrain anti-colonialism, 105 , 123 – 124 Arab Spring in, 250 Dhofari, 137 – 138 and Iran, 246 281 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00940-0 - A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Index More information 282 Index Baluchis, in Oman, 16 – 17 in India, 41 – 42 , 67 – 68 , 69 , 73 Barghash bin Said (Sultan of Zanzibar), 65 , and Oman, 44 – 45 , 64 – 65 , 88 , 89 66 , 81 – 84 opposition to, 90 – 94 , 131 Barka, 29 – 30 opposition to, 123 – 124 , 137 – 138 al-Barwani, Abdallah bin Salim, 66 on Zanzibar, 62 , 64 , 66 – 70 Basra, 9 , 42 – 43 opposition to, 71 , 74 Batinah region, 3 , 5 end of, 105 , 179 – 180 Beblawi, Hazem, 165n7 French, 41 – 42 Bedouin, 115 consensus, in shura politics, 198 – 199 Beilin, Yossi, 216 – 217 constitution (Basic Statute of the State), Bierschenk, Thomas, 100 227 – 231 Bilurub bin Himyar (rival Imam of Oman), constitutional monarchy, 227 – 228 , 261 16 – 17 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 Cooper, Frederick, 57 Bin Laden, Osama, 235 – 236 Cordesman, Anthony, 238 British Iraq Petroleum Company, 102 corruption Al-Bu Saidi, Badr bin Hamad, 266 – 267 convictions, 257 – 258 Al-Bu Saidi, Hamad bin Hamood, 149 , protests against, 254 169 , 203 cosmopolitanism, 14 – 17 Buraimi, struggles over control of, 78 – 79 , Council of Ministers, 201 – 202 106 – 113 counter-insurgency strategies, 150 – 152 Burzurg ibn Shahriyar of Crawford, David, 146 Ramhormuz, 13 – 14 creolisation, of symbols, 84 – 85 Bush, George H.W., 154n19 culture Bush, George W., 233 , 242 , 243 intellectual, on Zanzibar, 82 – 85 businessmen, in Omani government, 172 – 175 Omani, 6 – 11 , 197 Campbell, Gwyn, 56 Dakhliya region, 3 , 5 Canning Award (1861), 67 al-Da’wah wa al-Tabligh, 208 – 209 capitalism, 44 , 162 , 263 , 269 – 270 democratisation, 206 – 207 , 210 Chatterjee, Partha, 121n27 Dennison, Malcolm, 167 Chatty, Dawn, 201n6 desalination research centre (Muscat), Chaudhuri, K.N., 36 – 37 217 – 218 China development, see economic development Arab/Persian trade with, 12 – 13 DeVore, M., 146n12 Dhofar rebellion supported by, 142 Dhofar region, 3 – 4 , 133 – 134 economic interests of, 270 – 271 development of, 157 – 158 Chubin, Sharam, 182 rebellion, 18 – 19 , 132 , 136 – 141 , 166 Clinton, Bill, 241 – 242 internationalisation of, 141 – 144 clove plantations, on Zanzibar, 60 – 61 Iran’s involvement in, 182 – 183 coast-interior distinction, 5 , 11 resolution of, 150 – 159 and oil exploration/production, 102 , 104 struggles for control of, 134 – 136 struggles for control of interior, 113 – 131 diaspora, Omani, 169 – 170 Cold War diplomatic relations, 153 – 157 , 160 , and Dhofar rebellion, 141 – 144 177 – 194 , 211 – 218 , 241 – 248 , end of, and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 267 – 268 212 – 215 DLF (Dhofar Liberation Front), 138 – 140 and Oman-US relations, 191 – 192 internal divisions, 142 – 143 colonialism leadership of, 143 British, 68 , 69 see also PFLOAG (Popular Front for in East Africa, 69 – 70 the Liberation of the Occupied in Gulf region, 37 , 44 , 50 – 51 , 87 – 88 Arabian Gulf) end of, 179 – 180 domino theory, 142 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00940-0 - A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Index More information Index 283 dress codes, 195 – 196 Foley, Sean, 260n35 Duqm, new port facilities at, 270 foreign policy Duru tribe, 118 – 119 of Iran, 188 – 189 of Oman, 153 – 157 , 160 , 177 – 194 , East Africa 211 – 218 , 241 – 248 , 265 , 266 – 268 British colonialism in, 69 – 70 France Omani presence in, 26 , 33 , 52 – 53 colonialism of, 41 – 42 Portuguese presence in, 24 – 25 treaties and alliances with Oman, 49 , 89 East Africans, in Oman, 16 Frere, Bartle, 86 East India companies, 36 East India Company (Great Britain) Gadaffi , Muammar, 252 activities in Oman, 38 Gama, Vasco da, 24 in Basra, 42 – 43 gas, Oman-Iran deal on, 245 – 246 economic development GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council), 265 of Oman, 161 – 162 , 164 – 166 , 195 – 196 , formation of, 186 – 188 , 190 – 191 264 – 265 , 269 – 271 and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, 213 – 215 declines, 18 , 70 – 71 political union sought by, 246 – 248 see also oil production Saudi perceptions of, 236 , 246 – 247 on Zanzibar, 85 General Treaty of Peace (1820, Great economic policies Britain – Gulf Region), 50 – 51 and Arab Spring, 250 – 251 geography, 3 – 5 future challenges, 261 – 262 , 268 al-Ghafi ri, Buraik bin Hamood, 146 – 148 of Imamate, 79 – 80 Ghalib bin Ali (Imam of Oman), 116 , of Qaboos bin Said, 174 – 175 , 222 – 227 , 120 , 170 229 – 230 al-Ghammari, Shukoor, 210 – 211 of Said bin Taimur, 103 – 104 Ghazal, Amal, 74 – 76 education, 263 – 264 global trade networks, Omani participation religious, 176 – 177 in, 2 , 3 , 35 – 36 , 44 – 45 , 52 Egypt marginalisation of Oman in, 64 –65 , 70 Arab nationalism in, 105 government, 87 , 102 – 103 , 122 , 149 military campaign against criticised on social media, 252 – 253 Wahhabis, 49 – 50 end of tribal powers, 161 – 162 , 166 Muslim Brotherhood in, 207 – 209 , 250 Imamate, 114 – 115 nahda movement in, 73 modernisation/restructuring of, Eickelman, Dale, 115 , 122 , 204 – 205 161 – 162 , 167 , 168 – 171 , elections 172 – 175 , 202 – 206 , 209 – 211 for Majlis ash-Shura, 209 – 210 , 257 Graham, John, 146 for provincial councils, 258 Great Britain elites, Omani/Arab in East Africa abolitionism in, 58 (Mazrui), 52 – 53 Omani cooperation sought for, Englehardt, Joseph P., 213n13 58 – 59 , 86 – 87 Europe, colonial expansion in Gulf colonialism of, 68 , 69 region, 36 – 39 in East Africa, 69 – 70 expatriate workforce, 225 in Gulf region, 37 , 44 , 50 – 51 , 87 – 88 see also migrant labour end of, 179 – 180 in India, 41 – 42 , 67 – 68 , 69 , 73 Fadhl bin Alawi, 135 opposition to, 123 – 124 , 137 – 138 Fahud, oil exploration in, 118 – 119 , 122 Zanzibar controlled by, 62 , 64 , 66 – 70 Faisal bin Turki (Sultan of Oman, opposition to, 71 , 74 1888–1913), 88 – 90 and Oman, 37 – 39 , 42 – 43 , 64 – 65 , 70 opposition against, 90 – 94 in East Africa, 53 fi nancial policies, 103 – 104 Imamate movement, 92 – 93 , 131 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00940-0 - A History of Modern Oman Jeremy Jones and Nicholas Ridout Index More information 284 Index Great Britain (cont.) Haworth, L.B.H., 94 interference/indirect rule, 77 – 78 , 88 , health care, 175 89 , 111 – 112 Hijaz, Egyptian invasion of, 49 – 50 coup to install Sultan Qaboos, Hinawi-Ghafi ri tribal divisions, 6n3 , 26 – 27 145 – 150 history, 6 – 11 opposition to/end of, 51 , 72 – 74 , Hormuz (Island), 24 90 – 94 , 131 , 179 – 180 Hormuz (Strait of), 4 – 5 , 178 – 179 military assistance, 125 , 127 – 130 , Hourani, Albert, 73 – 74 135 , 152 – 153 Hourani, George, 12 – 13 oil interests/concessions, 101 – 102 , 104 , 110 Ibadism, 9 – 11 , 57 treaties and alliances, 44 – 45 , and leadership election, 198 49 , 58 – 59 renewal/revivalism of, 75 – 76 , 82 and United States, competition over Salafi st, 74 – 75 oil production in Middle East, on Sunni-Shia divide, 266 – 267 100 – 102 Ibn Majid, Ahmad, 24 and Wahhabis, 49 Ibn Ruzayq, 27 – 32 and Yemen, 140 – 141 Ibn Saud, Mohammed, 39 Gubash, Hussein, 197n4 Ibrahim bin Isha, 124 – 125 Gulf region Ibrahim Pasha, 49 – 50 collective security in, 184 – 188 , 189 – 191 , identities, Omani national, 198 213 – 215 Imamate, 72 , 75 – 76 , 78 – 81 , 88 – 89 , 114 and Iranian Revolution, 188 – 189 anti-colonialism of, 92 – 93 , 131 Saudi views of, 185 , 190 , 246 – 247 government, 114 – 115 see also GCC (Gulf Cooperation and nationalism/nation-state formation, Council) 106 , 117 – 118 , 123 –124 European/British colonial expansion in, revival of, 90 – 96