P2Pvalue Value in commons-based peer production P2Pvalue research package theoretical findings summary P2Pvalue Techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in commons-based peer production in the Future Internet 1 P2Pvalue P2Pvalue FP7-ICT-2013-10 Project: 610961 Techno-social platform for sustainable models and value generation in commons-based peer production in the Future Internet http://www.p2pvalue.eu/ D1.2 Theoretical synthesis – Executive summaries WP1 Theoretical findings. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Lead beneficiary: IGOPnet.cc Autonomous University of Barcelona Authorship: Fuster Morell, M. (Deliverable and WP coordinator); ; Salcedo , J.L.; De Filippi, P.; Dulong de Rosnay, M.; Musiani, F.; Capdevila , I.; Berlinguer, M..; Tebbens, W.; Arvidsson, A.; Caliandro, A.; Gandini, A.; and Rozas, D. (2015). Release research report: Value in commons- based peer production. P2Pvalue research package theoretical findings summary. P2Pvalue project. FP7-ICT-2013-10 Project: 610961 Research team: P2Pvalue Consortium IGOPnet.cc team (WP coordinator: Mayo Fuster Morell) Contact: [email protected] P2Pvalue Consortium: University of Surrey (Coordinator), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Stichting Peer to Peer Alternatives (P2P Foundation), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Università Degli Studi di Milano. 2 P2Pvalue Contents Executive Summary of research developed and findings ............................................................... 5 Criteria of delimitation and typification of commons-based peer production ......................... 23 EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES RESEARCH TASKS ......................................................................................... 44 Executive Summary Task 1.1 Statistical Analysis ........................................................................... 44 Research questions ........................................................................................................................... 44 CBPP, a “unified” third mode of production ............................................................................ 44 CBPP value ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Factors that explain value creation in CBPP ................................................................................ 46 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Summary of main results ................................................................................................................. 47 1. Value ............................................................................................................................................ 48 2. Basic community features ...................................................................................................... 52 3. Collaborative production ......................................................................................................... 53 4. Governance ................................................................................................................................ 55 5. Sustainability .............................................................................................................................. 70 6. Internal Systems of Recognition and Reward of Contributions ..................................... 73 7. Correlations between variables ............................................................................................. 74 References .......................................................................................................................................... 77 Executive summary Task 1.2 Techno legal analysis ......................................................................... 3 1. Technical regulation ..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Community governance ............................................................................................................. 7 3. Regulation by law ........................................................................................................................ 9 4. Commons-based Peer Production ......................................................................................... 12 References .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Executive summary Task 1.3 Digital ethnography ............................................................................ 6 1. Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Results ............................................................................................................................................ 7 3. References ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Executive summary Task 1.4 Survey ................................................................................................. 11 1. CBPP beyond virtual communities ........................................................................................ 11 2. Value creation and value capture (and its alignment) ..................................................... 12 3. References .................................................................................................................................. 15 Annexes .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Task 1.1 Stastistical Analisis ........................................................................................................ 18 Task 1.4 Survey .............................................................................................................................. 22 3 P2Pvalue Executive Summary of research developed and findings P2Pvalue research package theoretical synthesis (Associated to Deliverable 1.3) Mayo Fuster Morell (UAB) As part of P2Pvalue project Work Package 1 on the theoretical and empirical foundations of the project, we have deployed several methodological schemes to approach our research questions: • What characterises CBPP? What are the delimitation and typification criteria of CBPP? What is the structure of CBPP communities? How does value creation function in CBPP? Which types of value are created? How is this value captured (who benefits from the created value and how)? • Do (and how) factors of productivity explain the capacity of a community to generate value (or particular types of value)? In concrete terms, do community attributes and structure, type of collaboration, governance, infrastructure, sustainability, and internal systems of recognition and reward shape value creation? • To what extent can CBPP be considered a “unified” third model of production? Which diverse typologies of areas of CBPP can be identified? To what extent can communities other than virtual be identified as CBPP communities? • What are the regulatory schemes that apply to CBPP? How do the emerging decentralized infrastructure modalities of CBPP challenge them? Mixed Methods combination 4 P2Pvalue The first step addresses the following questions: What characterises CBPP? What are the delimitation and typification criteria of CBPP? This also help us to define the unit of analysis (and target of the P2Pvalue platform) in Commons Based Peer Production (CBPP) cases. A review of the literature on previous characterizations of CBPP was completed; we then designed a questionnaire on the criteria of delimitation and typification of CBPP. The questionnaire was responded to by all CBPP members; this was a crucial exercise in developing a common framework of understanding of CBPP among project contributors. We have also consulted experts in the area of CBPP and Board members. The result of this work is presented briefly in the “Criteria of delimitation and typification of CBPP” section of this deliverable and more extensively in the section “Report of criteria of delimitation and typification of CBPP” (available upon request). Through building the CBPP P2Pvalue directory, we also define and map areas of activities in CBPP (directory.p2pvalue.eu). With a common framework of analysis and a better understanding of the phenomenon we are investigating, we then deployed several methodological schemes in order to investigate CBPP practices and address the other research questions. As part of Task 1.1, we developed a statistical analysis of 302 cases to ascertain the frequencies and types of performance factors affecting productivity (governance, sustainability, systems of value metrics and rewards, and type/area of collaboration), and addressed the questions of how diverse factors of productivity might explain the capacity for a particular CBPP platform or community to generate value (mainly from a community process perspective). Mapping the diverse areas of activity of CBPP provided insights to rethink to what extent CBPP could be considered a “unified” third model of production. The statistical analysis data was based on four data sources: