Todor Stojanovski Sustainable cityscape Sustainable cityscape Future study of one neighbourhood in the city of Skopje with a story and three essays Todor Stojanovski Master of Science Thesis SoM EX 2007-30 Stockholm 2007 Supervisor: Nils Viking Co-supervisor: Tigran Haas Examiner: Göran Cars Department of urban planning and environment Division of urban and regional studies Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Abstract This Master of Science thesis is about the cities and the attribute sustainable. It is a brainstorm on the future of the cities through an example of one neighbourhood in the city of Skopje in Macedonia. The sustainability is evaluated with indices that are radically simplified, quantified and approximated. The indices quickly survey the cycles of water, food, air, soil, energy, necessities, luxuries and ideas in the neighbourhood. Sustainable in this thesis means self-sustainable, without imports or wastes. I have designed an exhibition of scenarios displaying various futures and I have evaluated how sustainable the neighbourhood in each scenario is. The results of the evaluation of the exhibition of scenarios shows that our neighbourhoods as they are built today are unsustainable and there is a need of a change in the way how they are designed, built and upgraded in the future. There is a need of experiments. In the end there is a need of a change in our lifestyle, a change that is sensible and depends on the stakeholders and a change that needs to be discussed in the society. Experimental urban concepts, participatory design and consent of the stakeholders is seen as a way toward designing and living in sustainable cities in the future. Keywords: urban design, future cities, scenarios, sustainable cityscape, city archive, participatory design, sustainable development, indices, sustainable cities v Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................................ v Preface ............................................................................................................... xiii Introduction............................................................................................1 Problem formulation.......................................................................................... 1 Purpose................................................................................................................. 1 Theoretical framework....................................................................................... 2 Research front review......................................................................................... 2 Methods................................................................................................................ 7 Summary of the results....................................................................................... 7 Organization of the thesis ................................................................................. 7 Methods...................................................................................................9 The story ................................................................................................................ 9 The future study.................................................................................................. 9 The scenarios..................................................................................................... 10 Baseline [Bs]..................................................................................................... 12 Building code scenarios [Bcs & ebcs] ................................................................. 13 Old building code scenarios [Obcs & eobcs]....................................................... 13 ‘City of towers’ scenarios [Cts & cthgs] ............................................................. 13 Skyscraper and Manhattan scenario [Ss & Ms]............................................... 13 Pylons and capsules skyscrapers scenario [Pcss].................................................. 14 Noah’s Ark scenarios [NAs & hNAs].......................................................... 14 Ecovillage scenario [Evs]................................................................................... 14 Arcology scenario [As]...................................................................................... 14 Mole and termite city scenario [Mcs & Tcs] ...................................................... 14 Sustainable cityscape scenario [Scs].................................................................... 14 The indices ......................................................................................................... 15 Oxygen index [Io2]............................................................................................ 16 Weather index [Iwt]........................................................................................... 17 Purified water index [Ipw].................................................................................. 18 Rainwater index [Irw]........................................................................................ 18 Water index [Iww] ............................................................................................. 19 Soil index [Isl]................................................................................................... 19 Noise index [Isn]............................................................................................... 19 Wildlife index [Iwl] ........................................................................................... 20 Housing index [Ihh]........................................................................................... 20 Food index [Ifd] ................................................................................................ 20 Energy index [Iep] ............................................................................................. 20 Necessities index [Inc]........................................................................................ 21 Luxuries index [Ilx].......................................................................................... 21 Pollution index [Iop].......................................................................................... 21 vii Assets index [Iat] .............................................................................................. 22 Maintenance index [Imt].................................................................................... 22 Development index [Idv] .................................................................................... 22 Aesthetics index [Iae]......................................................................................... 22 The essays........................................................................................................... 22 City .................................................................................................................. 22 City archive....................................................................................................... 22 Sustainable cityscape.......................................................................................... 23 Essay: City ............................................................................................24 Introduction....................................................................................................... 24 City ...................................................................................................................... 24 Discussion.......................................................................................................... 27 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 30 Essay: City archive...............................................................................31 Introduction....................................................................................................... 31 City archive ........................................................................................................... 31 Discussion.......................................................................................................... 33 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 34 Essay: Sustainable cityscape.................................................................35 Introduction....................................................................................................... 35 Sustainable cityscape .............................................................................................. 36 Discussion.......................................................................................................... 40 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 40 Future study of one neighbourhood in the city of Skopje ....................41 Introduction....................................................................................................... 41 My story................................................................................................................ 42 The past............................................................................................................ 42 The present.......................................................................................................