DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „THE RECEPTION OF THE LITURGICAL REFORM OF VATICAN II: A CRITICAL-CONSTRUCTIVE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATHOLIC LITURGICAL BOOKS IN THE ECCLESIASTICAL PROVINCE OF KUMASI (GHANA)“ verfasst von / submitted by ANDREW KWAME TAKYIA, MA angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Theologie (Dr. theol.) Wien, Juni 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 780 011 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Katholische Fachtheologie field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Feulner ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has become a reality through the integral contributions of many people, whom I hereby show my heartfelt appreciation and deepest gratitude. Even though everyone of them has been dear to me, there are a few outstanding ones that I would like to single out here. In the first place, I am exceptionally indebted to my beloved late parents, Op. Paul Kwasi Krah and Obp. Mary Adwoa Bour both of Atrensu in Techiman, Ghana. I am grateful to them for their tender parental care, basic Christian faith and financial support from my basic education to the end of my priestly formation and ordination in 1990. I cannot forget the love and care of all my brothers and sisters and my entire maternal family of Konimase and paternal family of Kyidom. My next gratitude goes to all who contributed to the success of my basic, secondary and tertiary education up to the end of my priestly formation, especially, Most Rev. James Kwadwo Owusu, the late bishop of Sunyani diocese, who ordained me in 1990 and saw to my further education up to the master’s degree in Pastoral Liturgy from the University of London. My special indebtedness goes to the Most Rev. Dominic Yeboah Nyarko, bishop of the catholic diocese of Techiman, for granting me this exceptional opportunity to pursue this specialisation course in Liturgical Studies and Sacramental Theology. My sincere gratitude goes to my brother priests and religious sisters of Techiman and Sunyani dioceses for the support and encouragement they never ceased to lavish upon me in my course of studies. I would also like to thank, in a special way, the Very Rev. Fr Isaac Ebo-Blay, the Vicar General of the Catholic Archdiocese of Cape Coast for permitting me to do some primary research in the archdiocesan archives. I am equally indebted to the former archivist of the SMA Generalate in Rome, the late Père Pierre Trichet for the singular opportunity granted me to have access to some important data from the SMA archives in Rome. I am highly grateful to all those who provided me with the necessary data and information for this work by means of interview, email correspondence and text messaging. Outstanding among them are: Most Rev. Peter Kwasi Sarpong, the Archbishop Emeritus of Kumasi, Rev. Bro. Pius Agyemang SVD, Rev. Prof. Dr Stephen Ntim of the Catholic University of Ghana, I Rev. Msgr. Joseph Marfo Gyimah of the diocese of Sunyani, Rev. Augustine Amankwaa Boateng of the diocese of Goaso, Rev. Daniel Aboagye Danso of the diocese of Konongo- Mampong, to name the few. Many thanks to Rev. Fr Dr Stephen Ebo Anan, of Sunyani diocese for painstakingly proof-reading and making the necessary corrections and suggestions for the improvement of this work. My profound gratitude goes to Cardinal Christof Schönborn, the Archbishop of Vienna, who through the medium of his Auxiliary Bishop Franz Scharl and the office of ARGE, provided me with accommodation, guidance and sustenance to make my residence in the Archdiocese of Vienna and my course of study in the University of Vienna a possibility. My appreciation and gratitude also go to the priests and parishioners of Pressbaum and Sacré Coeur Church for their loving care and encouragement, especially, the parochial vicar Gerhard Kienzl, for his singular assistance in some parts of the work. I am also grateful to the priests and the faithful of the Akan Speaking Catholic Community in Vienna for their prayerful support. I would exceptionally like to register my sincerest appreciation and gratitude to Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Feulner for accepting to be my supervisor and scholarly accompanying and guiding me to reach this level. My heartfelt appreciation and thanks go also to his three assistants, Dr. Daniel Galadza, Dr. Pedrag Bukovec and Dr. Daniel Sepa. I also thank the able secretary Frau Sulz Karin for her singular contribution. My final indebtedness goes to Rev Dr Thomas Francis Poku, a lecturer in St. Gregory Major Seminary in Kumasi and Univ.-Prof. Dr. Chibueze C. Udeani of the University of Würzburg in Germany, for accepting to be my external examiners to provide the assessment of this work. I must, however, admit any further shortcomings of this work to be exclusively my own. May the good Lord bless all those, who in diverse ways, whether their names were mentioned in these acknowledgements or not, have helped me to bring my studies to this level! II TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ I TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... III GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................... 18 1. Liturgical Reforms in the Roman Catholic Church up to Vatican II ................. 18 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 18 1.1. Liturgical Reform before Vatican II ................................................................. 19 1.1.1. Early Liturgical Development and Traces of Liturgical Books...................... 19 1.1.2. The Liturgical Reforms in the Late Middle Ages .......................................... 23 1.1.3. The Influence of the Protestant Reformation on the development of the Liturgical Books ........................................................................................... 25 1.1.4. From the Council of Trent to 20th Century ................................................... 29 1.1.5. From the Liturgical Movement of the 20th Century to Vatican II ................... 32 1.2. Vatican II and Post Vatican II Liturgical Reforms ........................................... 37 1.2.1. Vatican II and the Sacrament of Baptism .................................................... 40 1.2.1.1. Children’s Baptism .................................................................................... 41 1.2.1.2. Order of Adult Baptism ............................................................................. 44 1.2.2. Vatican II and the Sacrament of Confirmation ............................................. 46 1.2.2.1. The Revision of the Rite of Confirmation .................................................. 46 1.2.2.2. The celebration of Confirmation ............................................................... 48 1.2.3. Vatican II and the Sacrament of the Eucharist ............................................ 49 1.2.3.1. Missale Romanum (the Roman Missal) .................................................... 51 1.2.4. Vatican II and the Sacrament of Penance ................................................... 54 1.2.4.1. The First Phase of the Reform ................................................................. 55 III 1.2.4.2. The Second Phase of the Reform ............................................................ 56 1.2.4.3. The Sacrament of Penance and its parts ................................................. 56 1.2.4.4. Reordering of the Celebration of the Sacrament of Penance ................... 58 1.2.4.5. Frequent Use of Sacrament of Penance .................................................. 61 1.2.5. Vatican II and the Sacrament of the Sick ..................................................... 61 1.2.5.1. Anointing of the Sick ................................................................................. 61 1.2.5.2. Continuous Rite ........................................................................................ 63 1.2.6. Vatican II and the Sacrament of Holy Orders .............................................. 63 1.2.6.1. The Order of the Episcopate (Bishops) .................................................... 64 1.2.5.2. The Order of Presbyters (Priests) ............................................................. 65 1.2.6.3. The Order of Deacons .............................................................................. 66 1.2.6.4. The Rite for the Ordination of Deacons, Priests, and Bishops .................. 66 1.2.7. Vatican II and the Sacrament of Marriage ................................................... 67 1.2.7.1. The Rite of Marriage Within or Outside Mass ........................................... 67 1.2.7.2. Right for the Preparation of a Local Ritual ................................................ 68 1.2.7.2. Theological Significance of Marriage ....................................................... 69 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 70 CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................... 71 2. Liturgical