An Introduction to the Parashat HaShavuah (Weekly Torah Portion) Understanding the Torah From a Thematic Perspective Va’eira (And I Appeared) By Tony Robinson Copyright © 2003 (5764) by Tony Robinson, Restoration of Torah Ministries. All rights reserved. —The Family House of Study— Examining the Parashat HaShavuah by Thematic Analysis Welcome to Mishpachah Beit Midrash, the Family House of Study. Each Shabbat1 we gather in our home and study the Scriptures, specifically the Torah.2 It’s a fun time of receiving revelation from the Ruach HaKodesh3. Everyone joins in—adults and children—as we follow the Parashat HaShavuah4 schedule. We devote ourselves to studying the Torah because the Torah is the foundation for all of Scripture. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the Torah will help us more fully understand the rest of the Tanakh5 and the Brit Chadasha.6 Furthermore, as Yeshua stated Himself, the Torah teaches about Him. So we study the Torah in order to be drawn closer to Yeshua, the goal of the Torah. As believers in the Messiah we have discovered the richness of the wisdom of the sages of Israel. These men, who devoted themselves to the study of the Torah, have left us a rich heritage. Part of that heritage is a unique method of learning and interpreting the Scriptures. It’s called thematic analysis. In thematic analysis we search for the underlying theme/topic of each passage of Scripture. By studying Scriptures related by a common theme, line upon line and precept upon precept, the Scriptures open up to us in a unique manner that is clearly inspired by the Ruach HaKodesh. Passages that seemed obscure begin to make sense, and numerous levels of wisdom and understanding unfold before us. Thematic analysis of Scripture is based on the following premises. 1) Moses wrote the Torah as five separate books as the Ruach HaKodesh inspired him. 2) Since Adonai had him separate those words into five separate books, we surmise that each book has a unique message or theme. 3) Within each book, the words are written with two paragraph-like divisions7 interrupting the flow of the words. 4) Since Adonai commanded Moshe to separate the individual books into smaller paragraph-like sections or Parshiot, we surmise that each Parsha was written as a separate unit because each of those Parshiot is trying to convey a unique thought, theme, concept or understanding. Therefore, since Adonai inspired these divisions, we think they are VERY important. We use these God-breathed divisions as the basis of our thematic analysis of Scripture. Once you begin to interpret the Scriptures thematically, you will immediately SEE that Adonai wrote His words in a manner consistent with the intent that they be interpreted thematically. Here is an example of what the Parsha divisions look like … Page 2 of 16 s—Parsha Stumah (plural, stumot)—A paragraph-like break inspired by the Ruach HaKodesh, still preserved on kosher Torah Scrolls, where there are at least nine blank spaces between a word and the next word, all on the same line of text. p—Parsha P'tuchah (plural, p'tuchot)—A paragraph-like break inspired by the Ruach HaKodesh, still preserved on kosher Torah Scrolls, where there are blank spaces extending to the end of a line of text and the subsequent text does not begin until the next line. (Hebrew is read from right to left) Page 3 of 16 Parashat HaShavuah a;'rea'w Va'eira (And I Appeared) Shemot 6:2 - 9:35 (Exodus 6:2 - 9:35) • Shemot 6:2 - 6:9 p • Shemot 6:10 - 6:12 p • Shemot 6:13 s • Shemot 6:14 - 6:28 s • Shemot 6:29 - 6:30 p • Shemot 7:1 - 7:7 p • Shemot 7:8 - 7:13 s • Shemot 7:14 - 7:18 s • Shemot 7:19 - 7:25 p • Shemot 7:26 - 8:11 s • Shemot 8:12 - 8:15 s • Shemot 8:16 - 8:28 p • Shemot 9:1 - 9:7 p • Shemot 9:8 - 9:12 s • Shemot 9:13 - 9:21 p • Shemot 9:22 - 9:35 p Understanding the Parsha Exodus 6:2 – 6:8 In this section we will analyze one parsha to discover its primary theme and how that theme relates to the rest of the Torah. Page 4 of 16 Objective—Learn how to interpret the main theme of a Parsha. Find other Scriptures thematically connected with the Parsha under examination. Understand how the thematic connections help you to interpret the significance of the Parsha under examination. I. Exodus 6:2-4—In this passage, Adonai says that the Patriarchs only knew Him by the name, God Almighty (El Shaddai), not by YHVH (hwhy)8. This passage has confused many people, because as you read Genesis, you will discover that 1) Adonai sometimes used the name YHVH when He spoke to the Patriarchs, and 2) sometimes they used the name YHVH when addressing Him! Therefore, they obviously heard and spoke the Name. Let’s take a closer look at this verse. 2 God also said to Moses, "I am the LORD. 3 I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty (El Shaddai), but by my name the LORD (hwhy) I did not make myself known to them. 4 I also established my covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, where they lived as aliens. A. Note how the word appeared seems to equate to the phrase, made myself known. Wouldn’t this verse make more sense if it read… I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty (El Shaddai), but by my name the LORD (YHVH) I did not appear to them. or… I made myself known to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob as God Almighty (El Shaddai), but by my name the LORD [YHVH] I did not make myself known to them. …the Torah seems to equate the phrases, I appeared, with make myself known. In other words, Adonai made Himself known (revealed something about Himself) through the names He used when He appeared to the Patriarchs. Therefore, to understand these verses, we should simply go back to Genesis and study the passages where Adonai appeared or made Himself known to the Patriarchs through the two names mentioned above. II. There were two aspects of the covenant established by Adonai with Abraham—Land and offspring. A. Genesis 15:1-20—In this passage, pay particular attention to the following; 1) Adonai uses His Name YHVH, and 2) although He promises Abraham descendants (verses 4-5), the main emphasis of this covenant is The Land (see verses 8-19 where the land is the subject!). Furthermore, we see that their possession of the land is connected to their eventual enslavement and deliverance from Egypt. B. Genesis 17:1-14—In this passage, pay particular attention to the following; 1) Adonai uses His Name El Shaddai (“I am God Almighty”), and 2) the main emphasis of this Page 5 of 16 covenant is the multiplying of Abraham’s offspring. Furthermore, we see that Adonai is emphasizing His personal relationship with Abraham and the nation to be born to him (“to be God to you and your descendants after you”). C. In summary, each of the two aspects of the covenant with Abraham is uniquely associated with a particular Name of Adonai! This is important, don’t forget it. III. The Thematic Significance of the Two Covenants and the Two Names—Although most of Adonai’s appearances to the Patriarchs did not mention any particular name, four appearances occurred with reference to particular names: A. Pertaining to the covenant in Genesis 15 which focuses on receiving the land… 1. Who’s involved in that process?9. What other themes are present (hint: verses 13- 16)?10. B. Pertaining to the covenant in Genesis 17 which focuses on receiving offspring… 1. Who’s involved in the process?11. What other themes are present?12 Now, let’s determine if we can see this thematic pattern repeated elsewhere. C. Genesis 28:3—What name does Adonai use with Jacob?13 What is the subject of the conversation?14 Note how this is also thematically connected to the theme involving the name El Shaddai listed above! In general, whenever Adonai uses the name El Shaddai he is talking about how He will increase the progeny/seed of the Hebrews! D. Genesis 15:7—What name does Adonai use with Abram?15 What is the subject?16 Note how this is thematically related to the general topic of the usage of the name YHVH listed above! Genesis 28:13-15—What name is used?17 What is the subject?18 Note how this is also thematically connected to the theme involving the name YHVH listed above! In general, whenever Adonai uses the name YHVH he is talking about how He will bring Abraham’s descendants into the land! E. In summary, when Adonai appeared as El Shaddai, the emphasis of the covenant was on being fruitful and multiplying the offspring! When He appeared as YHVH, the emphasis was on the events involved in receiving the Land! IV. The Significance of the Names El Shaddai/Elohim and YHVH A. When we studied the first Parashat called B’reishit, we learned the following: 1. From Genesis 1:1 – 2:3 the word for God is always Elohim. El Shaddai and Elohim are both derived from the word El (mighty one). From Genesis 2:4 – 3:24 Adonai is referred to as “LORD God.” Remember, the word for LORD is YHVH! Isn’t that amazing? He used one name, Elohim, during the first part of the narrative of creation and another name, YHVH, during the other part of the narrative.