Andrea Fleschenberg Afghanistan’s parliament in the making Gendered understandings and practices of politics in a transitional country Afghanistan’s parliament in the making 6cYgZV;aZhX]ZcWZg\!E]9!XjggZcianldg`hVhgZhZVgX]VhhdX^ViZVcYaZXijgZg Vii]Z>chi^ijiZd[HdX^VaHX^ZcXZVii]ZJc^kZgh^ind[=^aYZh]Z^b!<ZgbVcn# EgZk^djhan!h]ZlVhVgZhZVgX][ZaadlVii]Z>chi^ijiZd[:Vhi6h^VcHijY^Zh$Ed" a^i^XVaHX^ZcXZVii]ZJc^kZgh^ind[9j^hWjg\":hhZcVcYVaZXijgZgVii]ZJc^kZg" h^ind[8dad\cZ!<ZgbVcn#>c'%%,h]ZlVhVk^h^i^c\egd[ZhhdgVii]ZJc^kZgh^in d[i]ZEjc_VW^cAV]dgZ!EV`^hiVc!VcY^c'%%+Vii]ZJc^kZgh^iVi?VjbZ>^c 8VhiZaadc!HeV^c#=ZggZhZVgX]VgZVhVgZXdbeVgVi^kZVcYi]^gYldgaYeda^i^Xh l^i]VeVgi^XjaVg[dXjhdcHdji]VcYHdji]ZVhi6h^V!YZbdXgVi^oVi^dcVcY ZaZXi^dchijY^Zh!igVch^i^dcVa_jhi^XZ^hhjZh!\ZcYZgVcYeda^i^Xh!dcl]^X]h]Z ]VhXdcig^WjiZYcjbZgdjhejWa^XVi^dch# I]^hejWa^XVi^dclVhegZeVgZYl^i]hjeedgi[gdbi]ZJc^iZYCVi^dch9ZkZade" bZci;jcY[dgLdbZcJC>;:B"6[\]Vc^hiVc#I]Zk^ZlhVcYVcVanh^hXdc" iV^cZY^ci]ZejWa^XVi^dcVgZi]dhZd[i]ZVji]dgVcYYdcdicZXZhhVg^angZegZ" hZcii]Zk^Zlhd[JC>;:B!i]ZJc^iZYCVi^dchdgVcnd[^ihV[Äa^ViZYdg\Vc^oV" i^dch# 7^Wa^d\gVe]^XYViVd[i]Z<ZgbVcA^WgVgn I]Z<ZgbVcCVi^dcVaA^WgVgn9C7a^hihi]^hejWa^XVi^dc^ci]Z<ZgbVcCV" i^dcVa7^Wa^d\gVe]n#;dgYZiV^aZYW^Wa^d\gVe]^XYViVdca^cZ\did/]iie/$$YcW# YYW#YZ 6[\]Vc^hiVc¼heVga^VbZci^ci]ZbV`^c\ <ZcYZgZYjcYZghiVcY^c\hVcYegVXi^XZhd[eda^i^Xh^cVigVch^i^dcVaXdjcign 7n6cYgZV;aZhX]ZcWZg\ :Y^iZYWni]Z=Z^cg^X]7aa;djcYVi^dc >cXddeZgVi^dcl^i]JC>;:B =Z^cg^X]"7aa"Hi^[ijc\!7Zga^c'%%.0JC>;:B 6aag^\]ihgZhZgkZY :Y^i^c\/GdWZgi;jgadc\ E]didh/<jaWjYY^c:a]Vb 9Zh^\cVcYIneZhZii^c\/\gVe]^XhncY^XVi!B^X]VZaE^X`VgYi!7Zga^c Eg^ci^c\/V\^i"YgjX`!7Zga^c >H7C.,-"("-+.'-"%%+"+ Afghanistan’s parliament in the making Gendered understandings and practices of politics in a transitional country By Andrea Fleschenberg Edited by the Heinrich Böll Foundation In cooperation with UNIFEM Content EgZ[VXZ , >cigdYjXi^dc && 1 State- and institution-building in post-2001 Afghanistan 27 &#& 6X]^ZkZbZcihd[VcYX]VaaZc\Zhid6[\]Vc^hiVc¼h hiViZ"VcY^chi^iji^dc"Wj^aY^c\ (( &#' 6X]^ZkZbZcihd[VcYX]VaaZc\Zhid6[\]Vc^hiVc¼h eda^i^XVahnhiZbVcY^ihaZ\^haVi^kZ[jcXi^dcVa^in *% 2 Doing politics – findings from worldwide experiences to raise women parliamentarians’ political effectiveness 75 '#& 8ddeZgVi^dcl^i]eVga^VbZci!ldbZc¼heda^i^XVa bVX]^cZgn!VcYX^k^ahdX^Zin -' '#' 8VjXjh^c\VcYcZildg`^c\ -* 3 Major findings of the survey on women parliamentarians 93 (#& EZghdcVaWVX`\gdjcYhVcYeVi]lVnh^cideda^i^Xh .( (#' 6XXdjciVW^a^in!hjeedgi!VcY^ciZgVXi^dcl^i]hdX^Zin .- (#( <dkZgcbZcidkZgh^\]i!cVi^dcVaWjY\Zi!VcY XddeZgVi^dcl^i]i]ZB^c^hignd[LdbZc¼h6[[V^gh &%% (#) Eda^i^XVaV\ZcYVhVcYaZ\^haVi^kZ^ciZgZhih &%- (#* >ciZgcVi^dcVaigZVi^Zh!gZhdaji^dch!VcY XddeZgVi^dcV\gZZbZcihdc6[\]Vc^hiVc &'% (#+ LdbZceVga^VbZciVgncZildg`$XVjXjh &'( 4 Major findings of the survey on male parliamentarians 133 )#& EZghdcVaWVX`\gdjcYhVcYeVi]lVnh^cideda^i^Xh &(( )#' 6XXdjciVW^a^in!hjeedgi!VcY^ciZgVXi^dcl^i]hdX^Zin &(, )#( <dkZgcbZcidkZgh^\]i!cVi^dcVaWjY\Zi!VcY XddeZgVi^dcl^i]i]ZB^c^hignd[LdbZc¼h6[[V^gh &)% )#) Eda^i^XVaV\ZcYVhVcYaZ\^haVi^kZ^ciZgZhih &)+ )#* 8ddeZgVi^dcVbdc\eVga^VbZciVg^Vch &*, 5 Conclusions and the way forward 160 6WWgZk^Vi^dch &,& GZ[ZgZcXZh &,' :cYcdiZh &-' Preface I]Z=Z^cg^X]7aa;djcYVi^dc]VhWZZchjeedgi^c\egd_ZXihegdbdi" ^c\YZbdXgVXnVcYi]ZVXi^kZeVgi^X^eVi^dcd[ldbZcVcYbZc^ci]Z egdXZhhd[gZWj^aY^c\6[\]Vc^hiVch^cXZZVgan'%%'#6bdc\i]ZhZ!^i hjXXZhh[jaan[dhiZgZYi]ZLdbZcVcY8]^aYgZcAZ\VaGZhZVgX];djc" YVi^dcL8AG;!6[\]Vc^hiVc¼hhdaZgZhZVgX]^chi^iji^dcidYViZ[dg ldbZc¼hg^\]ih#6hejWa^h]Zghd[Vl^YZanX^gXjaViZYldbZc¼hbV\V" o^cZ!i]ZL8AG;gZVX]ZhVaVg\Z!^ciZgZhiZYVjY^ZcXZ#I]ZbV\Vo^cZ¼h XdkZgV\Zd[eda^i^XVaXdciZciVcYhdX^Va^hhjZhi]ViVgZZheZX^VaangZa" ZkVciidldbZcXaZVganhig^`ZhVX]dgYVbdc\^ihgZVYZgh]^e#I]Z gZcdlcZYVci]gdedad\^hiVcYh^c\ZgHVbVgB^c]VaaVVcYi]Z=Z^cg^X] 7aa;djcYVi^dc_d^cianegdYjXZYVcjbWZgd[hdc\h[dXjh^c\dc X^k^XVXi^dci]ViideeZYi]Z6[\]VcX]Vgih·VcdiZldgi]nVX]^ZkZ" bZci!Xdch^YZg^c\i]Zh`Zei^X^hbl^i]l]^X]aVg\ZeVgihd[i]Z6[\]Vc edejaVi^dchi^aagZhedcYidi]ZegZhZcXZd[ldbZc^cejWa^Xa^[Z# DjgeVgicZgh]^el^i]i]Z6[\]VcLdbZc¼hCZildg`6LCgZ" hjaiZY^ci]Z[djcY^c\d[Vndji]dg\Vc^oVi^dc[dXjhZYdcVYkdXVXn! 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