iM: :;^;s^ :!l>h. t:,S. '&. F>>?" it:, (:';;' i!,;''^- MM^j'Vt''"! "m Bt 'if;'-!Kl 'jc; im m^ '!:i^r;' ::X ,'.1' .v I,'. .' ;>>'iti;j Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/excavationsatphyOObrituoft .8^ EXCAVATIONS AT PHYLAKOPT IN JIELOS f THE SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF HELLENIC STUDIES ) SUPPLEMENTARY PAPER No. 4 EXCAVATIONS AT PHYLAKOPI IN MELOS CONDUCTED BY THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ATHENS DESCRIBED BY T. D. ATKINSON, R. C. BOSANQUET, C. C. EIXiAR, A. J. EVANS, D. G. HOGARTH, D. MACKENZIE, C. SMITH, AND F. B. WELCH With 41 P/fi^es ami 193 I/liMlrcUlons in the Text PUBLISHED BY THE COUNCIL, AND SOLD ON THEIR BEHALF BY MACM ILLAN AND CO., Limited, ST. MARTIN'S STREET. LONDON, W.C. MDCCCCIV 22/ / Ri<;hard Clay and Soks, Limited, liRKAD STREET HILL, E.C., AND BL'NtJAY, srFFOLK. aKTRONlC VERSIOh* ^ AVAILABIE m f6qqoQlnQ p^u 260 & PRKFACE In accordance with a proposal of the Committee of the British School at Athens, the Council of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, at a meeting held on Dec. 20, 1900, authorised the publication of a Supplementary Paper embodying the results of the_ Excavations at Phylakopi. For this purpose a special Editorial Committee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. R. C. Bosanquet, E. A. Gabdnkr, and G. F. IIn,L. The process of preparing for publication the masses of pottery and other objects brought from Melos to Athens has of necessity been a slow one. It was begun by Mr. C. C. Eduar in 1897, and has been carried on since 1899 by Mr. Bosanquet, with occasional help from Mr. F. B. Welch and other members of the British School. The majority of the drawings (excluding those in Chapter II. which are all by Mr. Atkinson) are the work of Mr. Halvor Bagge ; others, including the coloured copy of the Flying-fish picture, have been made by Mr. E. Cillieron, and a few by Mr. Theodore Fyfe. The difficulty of communication between contributors living in three and sometimes four difi"erent countries, may be held to excuse certain inconsistencies in nomenclature. No contributor is to be j-egarded as responsible for any statement not standing over his own .signature. "4 vi PREFACE The Editorial Committee desire to express their acknowledg- ments to Mr. P. Cavvadias, Ephor-General of Antiquities, and to Messrs. V. Staes and Ch. Tsountas, Ephors of the National Museum at Athens, who have done everything in their power to facilitate the preparation of this volume ; to Messrs. D. G. Hogarth and Cecil Smith, who, in addition to contributing the chapters signed by them, have in other ways rendered valuable assistance ; and also to Mr. Arthur Evans, who, though he took no part in the excav- ations, has contributed a note on the Pottery Marks in the light of the Cretan evidence. THE EDITORIAL COMMITTEE. Feb. 1904. / —— TABLK OF CONTENTS Introduction. By Cecil Smith CnAPTKR I. —TiiK Excavation. By D. G. Hogarth. §1 —Preliminary Soundings and the Wall of Fortification 5 8 2 —The South-Western Corner 10 § 3. —The North-Western Terrace 11 § 4. —The North Central Terrace U § 5. —The North-Eastern Terrace and the Palace 19 §6. —The other Regions 23 Chapter II. The Architecture. By T. D. Atkinson. § 1. —Introductory 25 § 2.—Relationship of the Buildings of the Three Periods 27 § 3.—The Site 29 § 4.—The Town Wall 30 § 5.—The First Period 35 § 6. —The Second Period 38 § 7.—The Third Period 50 Explanation of Plan of First and SeconifPeriocU 64 Explanation of Plan (>f 7'hird Period 66 Chapter III. The Wall-Paintinos. By R. C. Bosanquet. § 1.—The Frieze of the Flying-fish 70 § 2. —The Fragments of Larger Pictures 72 5^3.—The Design of White Lilies 76 § 4. —The Original Position and Age of these Pictures 76 § 5. —Other Remains of Wall-Paintings 77 ^ 6. —The Rosette Spiral 78 s5 7.—The Technique of the Melian Wall Paintings 79 ——— . CONTENTS. Chapter IV. The Pottery. By C. C. Edgar. § 1. —Introductory ... <. 80 S 2. —The Earliest Pottery 82 § 3. —Some otlier Early Wares 85 ^ i. —An Early Group of Dark-faced Vases 87 § 5. —Painted Ware of the Geometric Period : Introductory Matter 93 §6. —Vases with Geometric Designs in Lustrous Paint 96 §7. —Geometric Pottery with Designs in Matt Black 102 8. : 106 !;} —Pottery of the Mycenaean Period Introductory § 9. —Potteiy of the Early Mycenaean Style with Designs in Matt Black 108 5j 10. — Pottery of the Early Mycenaean Period with Designs in Black and Red 118 § 11.—The Fishermen Vase 123 § 12. —Pottery Decorated with Flowers in Black and Red 125 § 13. —The Later Local Pottery of the Mycenaean Period 129 * Jl} 14. —Baths or Washing Troughs and other similar Vessels ... 139 ^15. —Series of Flat BowlSi with Spouts >r. ... 143 • §16. — Imported Pottery of the Ordinary Mycenaean Type 145 §17. —Kamares Ware 148 § 18.—Odds and Ends 151 § 19. —The Chronological Relations of the preceding Fabrics to each other and to the various Settlements 159 § 20.—Conclusion 164 Explanation of fhe Plates 165 Chapter V. The Potteev Marks. A. —Occurrence of the Marks. By C. C. Edgar . 177 B. —Significance of the Marks. By A. J. Evans 181 Chapter VI. The Bronze Statuette. By Cecil Smith 186 Chapter VII. The Minor Antiquities. By R. C. BosANQUET and F. B. Welch ». 190 A. —The Minor Antiquities of Metal, Bone, Ivory and Stone. § 1. —Copper and Bronze 190 § 2. —Lead 192 § 3.—Bone 192 § 4. —Ivory 193 § 5.—Flint 194 § 6.—Marble 194 § 7. —Steatite 196 § 8. —Miscellaneous Objects of Stone 199 § 9.—Shells 201 —— . CONTENTS. IX PAUIt B. —The Minor Aiiti(|uitie8 of Clay. 1. 55 — Human Figures •J02 ij 2. —Animal Figures 203 §3. —Koats and otlicr Models 200 4. jlj — Lamps and other Domestic Utensils 201> 5. ilj —Spindle-whorls and Small Objects 213 Explanation of Ihn Plates 214 CiiAPTEK VIIT. —TiiK Obsidian Thadk. By li. C. Bosanqoet. § 1. —The Quarries 216 § 2.—The Obsidian "Workshop of the First City 218 3. {5 — IT-ses of (>l)si(lian : the Knife and Razor 221 4. 5} — Uses of Obsidian : the Arrowhead 222 5. § —Uses of Obsidian : the Threshing-sledge and Sickle 223 § 6. —The Finlay Collection and its Sources 224 §7. —The Copenhagen Collection 227 {} 8. —The Range and Duration of the Obsidian Ti'ade . 227 Chapter IX. Notes on the Tombs. By C. C. Eik;ar 234 Chaptek X. The Successive Settle.men'ts at Phvlakopi in their Aeoeo- Cretan Rel.\tioxs. By D. Mackenzie § 1 . — Introductory *. 238 § 2.-—The Earliest Beginnings of Settlement at Phylakopi 239 § 3.—The First City 243 § 4.—The Second City 254 § 5.—The Third City 263 Index 273 LIST OF PLATES I..—Plan showing Work of First and Second Periods. II. —Plan showing Work of Third Period. III. —The Flying-fish Fresco. IV-XXXVL—The Pottery. (For details, see pp. 165-176). XXXVII.—The Bronzfe Statuette. XXXVIII-XL.^—Miscellaneous Minor Antiquities. (For details, see pp. •214, 215). XLI.—Lamps of Stone and Eartlienware. .. / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT H'l- PAftB 1 Neighbourhood of the Site 4 2. External Face of Great Wall, showing Revetment on the right and Bastion in the distance 7 3. The Site from N.E. Beach of Bouldere in the Foreground 8 4. The S.W. Angle and Baation of the Great Wall, above the Eroded Bay 9 a. The Eroded S.W. Corner of the Town from within 10 6. Stone Washing Trough in situ (F 2 : rf) 14 7. Stone Tank »»t sii!?t in G 3 16 8. Pillar built of Two Blocks 17 9. Monolithic Pillar 18 10. The Well Mouth 20 1 1 The Excavated Part of the Site looking towards the S. End of the Palace 21 12. Early House in J 2 from above 22 13. Ruined Walls witli the Cultivated Plain and the Hills in the distance 26 14. Plan and Section of Buildings in H 2, showing Work of Three Periods and Modern Terrace 28 1-5. The Town Wall looking West, showing an Ofiset in the Work of Period II and Bastion of Period III built up against it 30 16. Plan of Part of the Town Wall, and Enlarged Plan showing Staircase, ifcc 31 17. View of Passage through the Town Wall looking South 32 18. ViewofStairca.se 32 19. Suggested Restoration of Doorway in the Town Wall 33 20. Angle of the Town Wall 34 21. Remains of Period I 35 22. „ ,, „ showing Pavement and Doorway 36 23. House of Period I 37 24. „ „ „ 38 25. Block-Plan of Part of the Town of Period II 39 26. Plan of House of Period JI, with Stone Column 40 27. Plan of House of Period II 41 CONTENTS. FIO. 28. Vie wof Rooms in Fig. 27 looking towards the Sea 42 42 29. „ „ „ looking South 30. Diagram of Doorway in Fig. 27 4'5 31. Plan of House of Period II 43 44 32. „ „ „ 33. View of Room in Fig. 32 45 34. Plan of House of Period II 45 35. View of Staircase in Fig. 34 46 36. Section of Street and Drain (Plate I., H 3 : 13) and of Doorway ... 46 37. Plan of House of Period 11 47 38. View of Wall in H 1 (Plate I) 48 39. Diagram of Doorway in H 2 (Plate I) 48 40. View of Doorway in H 2 49 41. Details of Plaster Ceiling 50 42. Block-Plan of part of the Town of Period III 51 43.