Contract Publication Series 13-252 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE PROPOSED BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND APPROACH MODIFICATION ALONG KY 3376 OVER HAYS FORK IN MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY (ITEM NO. 7-1126.00) by Michael J. Curran Prepared for Prepared by Kentucky West Virginia Ohio Wyoming Illinois Indiana Louisiana Tennessee Utah Virginia Colorado Contract Publication Series 13-252 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE PROPOSED BRIDGE REPLACEMENT AND APPROACH MODIFICATION ALONG KY 3376 OVER HAYS FORK IN MADISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY (ITEM NO. 7-1126.00) by Michael J. Curran With contributions by Lisa J. Kelley and Jennifer M. Price Prepared for David Waldner Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Division of Environmental Analysis 200 Mero Street Frankfort, Kentucky 40622 Phone: (502) 564-7250 Fax: (502) 564-5655 Prepared by Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. 151 Walton Avenue Lexington, Kentucky 40508 Phone: (859) 252-4737 Fax: (859) 254-3747 Email: [email protected] CRA Project No.: K13K005 __________________________ ________________________ Charles M. Niquette, RPA Alexandra D. Bybee, RPA Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator September 16, 2013 Lead Agency: Federal Highway Administration Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Item Number 7-1126.00 OSA Project Registration No.: FY14_7736 ABSTRACT On August 13, 2013, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., personnel conducted an archaeological survey of a proposed bridge replacement and approach modification along KY 3376 over Hays Fork Creek in Madison County, Kentucky. The survey was conducted at the request of David Waldner of the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (Item No. 7-1126.00). A records review was conducted at the Office of State Archaeology. The review indicated that no archaeological sites or investigations had been documented within the project area. The project area is located on the northwest side of KY 3376 and extends from the intersection of KY 3376 and U.S. 421 approximately 195 m (640 ft) to the southwest, covering .39 ha (.97 acres). The fieldwork consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey supplemented by screened shovel testing and bucket augering, and the project area was surveyed in its entirety. One new cultural resource (15Ma499) was recorded as a result of this survey. Site 15Ma499 is a historic farm/residence dating from the late nineteenth through the twentieth centuries. The portion of the site within the project boundary is not considered to have the potential to provide important information about local or regional history, and Site 15Ma499 is recommended as not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D. No further work for this portion of the site is recommended. No cultural resources recommended eligible for listing, or listed, on the National Register of Historic Places will be affected by the proposed project, and archaeological clearance is recommended for the project. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... iv I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1 II. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING............................................................................................................................. 2 III. PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND CULTURAL OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 13 IV. METHODS ....................................................................................................................................................... 36 V. MATERIALS RECOVERED ............................................................................................................................. 37 VI. RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 48 VII. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND TREATMENT ...................................................................... 58 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 59 APPENDIX A. HISTORIC ARTIFACT INVENTORY ........................................................................................... A-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Kentucky showing the location of Madison County. ..................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Location of project area on topographic quadrangle. ............................................................................... 3 Figure 3. Project area plan map. ............................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 4. The Bluegrass region. .............................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 5. Rivers that drain the Bluegrass region. .................................................................................................... 6 Figure 6. Standing KY 3376 bridge that spans Hays Fork, facing northeast. ........................................................ 11 Figure 7. Creek terrace within the project area tested by shovel testing and bucket augering. ............................ 11 Figure 8. Vegetation within the project area southwest of the bridge, facing north. .............................................. 12 Figure 9. Lawn and surface disturbance related to a commercial development. .................................................. 12 Figure 10. 1929 topographic map depicting MS 1 (KGS 1929). ........................................................................... 20 Figure 11. 1952 topographic quadrangle depicting MS 1, MS 2, and MS 3 (USGS 1952b). ................................ 21 Figure 12. Historic materials recovered. ............................................................................................................... 41 Figure 13. Schematic plan map of Site 15Ma499. ................................................................................................ 49 Figure 14. Representative soil profiles from Site 15Ma499. ................................................................................. 52 Figure 15. Feature 1: a capped well, facing southeast. ........................................................................................ 54 Figure 16. Feature 2: L-shaped foundation outline, facing north. ......................................................................... 54 Figure 17. Feature 2: foundation piers. ................................................................................................................. 55 Figure 18. Feature 2: foundation pad, facing north. .............................................................................................. 55 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Sites within the File Search Area without Associated Reports. .............................................................. 17 Table 2. Summary of Selected Information for Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites in Madison County, Kentucky. Data Obtained from OSA and May Contain Coding Errors. ........................................................ 19 Table 3. Historic Artifacts Recovered According to Functional Group.................................................................. 38 Table 4. Summary of Historic Materials Recovered. ............................................................................................ 39 Table 5. Historic Artifacts from Site 15Ma499. ..................................................................................................... 53 Table 6. Chain of Deeds for Site 15Ma499. ......................................................................................................... 56 Table A-1. Historic Artifacts Recovered. ............................................................................................................. A-3 iv The purpose of this survey was to assess I. INTRODUCTION any potential effects the proposed development might have on identified cultural n August 13, 2013, Cultural Resource resources. To do this, the archaeologists O Analysts, Inc. (CRA), personnel followed these objectives: conducted an archaeological survey of a proposed bridge replacement and approach identify prehistoric and historic archaeological modification along KY 3376 over Hays Fork sites located within the project area; Creek in Madison County, Kentucky (Figure determine, to the extent possible, the age and 1). The survey was conducted at the request of cultural affiliation of sites; David Waldner of the Kentucky establish the vertical and horizontal boundaries Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) (Item No. 7- of sites; and 1126.00) and only performed once landowner establish the degree of site integrity and permission was obtained. Michael Curran and potential for intact cultural deposits to be Lisa Kelley completed the survey in 20 person present. hours. Archival research was conducted at the Madison