Appendix 3: Complete List of Included Studies Number Citation 1 Malahias M, Lemonas P, Schreuder F, Ghorbanian S. Abdominoplasty: To inform about TRAM flaps or not? Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2011;64(3):e78-e79. 2 Nahai F. Acceptable Risk: Who Decides? Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(7):852-853. 3 Adeyemo WL, Mofikoya BO, Akadiri OA, James O, Fashina AA. Acceptance and perception of Nigerian patients to medical photography. Dev World Bioeth. 2013;13(3):105-110. 4 Antommaria A, Matheny H. Accepting Things at Face Value: Insurance Coverage for Transgender Health Care. American Journal of Bioethics. 2018;18(12):21-23. 5 Enajat M, Smit JM, Rozen WM, et al. Aesthetic refinements and reoperative procedures following 370 consecutive DIEP and SIEA flap breast reconstructions: important considerations for patient consent. Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2010;34(3):306-312. 6 Gubisch W, Dacho A. Aesthetic rhinoplasty plus brow, eyelid and conchal surgery: pitfalls - complications - prevention. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;12:Doc07. 7 Atiyeh BS, Rubeiz MT, Hayek SN. Aesthetic/Cosmetic surgery and ethical challenges. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008;32(6):829-839; discussion 840-821. 8 Leibowitz SF, Lantos JD. Affirming, Balanced, and Comprehensive Care for Transgender Teenagers. Pediatrics. 2019;143(6):1-2. 9 Mommaerts M, Abeloos JS. Allotransplantation or autotransplantation to the face, which first? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2010;38(1):2-3. 10 Liao LM, Taghinejadi N, Creighton SM. An analysis of the content and clinical implications of online advertisements for female genital cosmetic surgery. BMJ Open. 2012;2(6). 11 Wang Y, Kotsis SV, Chung KC. Applying the concepts of innovation strategies to plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132(2):483-490. 12 Alex, er AJ, Alam DS, Gullane PJ, Lengele BG, Adamson PA. Arguing the ethics of facial transplantation. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010;12(1):60-63. 13 American Society for Surgery of the Hand C. ASSH position statement on hand transplantation 2013. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2013;38(11):2234-2235. 14 Boyll P, Neville M, Bernard R, Mahabir RC. Author disclosures in plastic surgery journals compared with information reported in the open payments database: How open are we? Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2019;39(3):338-342. 15 Dumestre DO, Fraulin F. Avoiding Breach of Patient Confidentiality: Trial of a Smartphone Application That Enables Secure Clinical Photography and Communication. Plastic Surgery. 2020;28(1):12-18. 16 Dumestre DO, Fraulin FOG. Balancing the Need for Clinical Photography With Patient Privacy Issues: The Search for a Secure SmartPhone Application to Take and Store Clinical Photographs. Plast Surg (Oakv). 2017;25(4):255-260. 17 Ngaage LM, Elegbede A, Sugarman J, et al. The Baltimore Criteria for an ethical approach to penile transplantation: a clinical guideline. Transpl Int. 2019. 18 De Roubaix JA. Beneficence, non-maleficence, distributive justice and respect for patient autonomy--reconcilable ends in aesthetic surgery? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(1):11-16. 19 Paik AM, Mady LJ, Sood A, Lee ES. Beyond the operating room: A look at legal liability in body contouring procedures. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2014;34(1):106-113. 20 Aquino YSJ. "Big eye" surgery: the ethics of medicalizing Asian features. Theor Med Bioeth. 2017;38(3):213-225. 21 Dumont M, Sann L, Gazarian A. Bilateral hand transplantation: Supporting the patient's choice. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(2):147-151. 22 Holt GR. Bioethics and humanism in head and neck cancer. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010;12(2):85-86. 23 Taylor A, er S. Bioethics in the Making: "Ideal Patients" and the Beginnings of Face Transplant Surgery in Mexico. Science as Culture. 2014;23(1):27-50. 24 Grzanka PR, DeVore E, Gonzalez KA, Pulice-Farrow L, Tierney D. The Biopolitics of Passing and the Possibility of Radically Inclusive Transgender Health Care. American Journal of Bioethics. 2018;18(12):17-19. 25 Motaparthi K. Blepharoplasty in asian patients-ethnic and ethical implications. Virtual Mentor. 2010;12(12):946-949. 26 Chan JK, Jones SM, Heywood AJ. Body dysmorphia, self-mutilation and the reconstructive surgeon. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(1):4-8. 27 Elliott T. Body dysmorphic disorder, radical surgery and the limits of consent. Medical Law Review. 2009;17(2):149-182. 28 Spriggs M, Gillam L. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Contraindication or Ethical Justification for Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery in Adolescents. Bioethics. 2016;30(9):706-713. 29 Cain JM, Iglesia CB, Dickens B, Montgomery O. Body enhancement through female genital cosmetic surgery creates ethical and rights dilemmas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;122(2):169-172. 30 Aquino YS, Steinkamp N. Borrowed beauty? Understanding identity in Asian facial cosmetic surgery. Med Health Care Philos. 2016;19(3):431-441. 31 Aliu O, Corlew SD, Heisler ME, Pannucci CJ, Chung KC. Building surgical capacity in low-resource countries: a qualitative analysis of task shifting from surgeon volunteers' perspectives. Ann Plast Surg. 2014;72(1):108-112. 32 Cress PE. Caitlyn jenner, michael jackson, and why the media still follow the ingelfinger rule. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2016;36(8):972-974. 33 Benedict JL, Robbins NL, Kaplan B, Breidenbach WC. A Call to Accountability: Reporting Outcomes in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open. 2019;7(6):e2266. 34 Edmonds A. Can medicine be aesthetic? Disentangling beauty and health in elective surgeries. Med Anthropol Q. 2013;27(2):233-252. 35 Gutierrez PL, Johnson DJ. Can Plastic Surgeons Maintain Professionalism within Social Media? AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(4):379-383. 36 Leclercq WK, Sloot S, Keulers BJ, et al. Challenging the knowledge base and skillset for providing surgical consent by orthopedic and plastic surgeons in the Netherlands: an identified area of improvement in patient safety. Patient Saf Surg. 2016;10:21. 37 Swanson E. Chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism prevention: concerns regarding efficacy and ethics. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2013;1(3):e23. 38 Gilbert S. Children's bodies, parents' choices. Hastings Center Report. 2009;39(1):14-15. 39 Lea AS. Clinical dimensions of a 'biological concept': transsexualism and the interplay between etiological theory and clinical therapy. Endeavour. 2016;40(3):152-162. 40 Koimizu J. Comment on: If it ain't broke, don't fix it: Ethics of splinting deformed newborn ears. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2019;72(11):1856-1871. 41 Swanson E. The commercialization of plastic surgery. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33(7):1065- 1068. 42 Shekar V, Jabbar J, Mitchell DA, Brennan PA. Common-law principles in consent for patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery who lack mental capacity: Do we know them all? British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015;53(9):805-808. 43 Mirivel JC. Communicative conduct in commercial medicine: initial consultations between plastic surgeons and prospective clients. Qualitative Health Research. 2010;20(6):788-804. 44 Belanger M, Harris PG, Nikolis A, Danino AM. Comparative analysis between scientific and the media communication following facial transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(2):485-488. 45 Nahai F. Conflicts of Interest: Digging Beyond the Surface. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(3):348- 350. 46 McLeod NMH, Gruber EA. Consent for orthognathic surgery: A UK perspective. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012;50(2):e17-e21. 47 Gilmartin J. Contemporary cosmetic surgery: the potential risks and relevance for practice. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(13):1801-1809. 48 Crer, E. C, Magee L. Cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery in adolescents: psychological, ethical, and legal considerations. Semin Plast Surg. 2013;27(1):72-78. 49 Arie S. Cosmetic industry regulation is only skin deep. The BMJ. 2017;357:j3047. 50 Runacres SA, Wood PL. Cosmetic Labiaplasty in an Adolescent Population. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(3):218-222. 51 Spriggs M, Gillam L. Cosmetic Labiaplasty: Defining “Normality” Is Not the Issue. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2017;30(3):438. 52 Dyer C. Cosmetic surgeon is struck off for putting commercial interests ahead of his patients. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2014;349:g5236. 53 Higgins S, Wysong A. Cosmetic Surgery and Body Dysmorphic Disorder – An Update. International Journal of Women's Dermatology. 2018;4(1):43-48. 54 Opel DJ, Wilfond BS. Cosmetic surgery in children with cognitive disabilities: who benefits? Who decides? Hastings Cent Rep. 2009;39(1):19-21. 55 Piras M, Delbon P, Conti A, et al. Cosmetic surgery: medicolegal considerations. Open Med (Wars). 2016;11(1):327-329. 56 Griffiths D, Mullock A. Cosmetic Surgery: Regulatory Challenges in a Global Beauty Market. Health Care Anal. 2018;26(3):220-234. 57 Asher CM, Fleet M, Jivraj B, Bystrzonowski N. Cosmetic Tourism: a Costly Filler Within the National Health Service Budget or a Missed Financial Opportunity? A Local Cost Analysis and Examination of the Literature. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2020;44(2):586-594. 58 Svider PF, Eloy JA, Folbe AJ, Carron MA, Zuliani GF, Shkoukani MA. Craniofacial surgery and adverse outcomes: An inquiry into medical negligence. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. 2015;124(7):515-522. 59 Ahmed R, Lopez J, Bae S, et al. The Dawn of Transparency: Insights from the Physician Payment Sunshine Act in Plastic Surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 2017;78(3):315-323. 60 Siemionow M. The decade of face transplant outcomes. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2017;28(5):64. 61 Gibson R. The Democratization of Facial Feminization Surgery and the Removal of Artificial Barriers. American Journal of Bioethics. 2018;18(12):29-31. 62 Garnham B. Designing 'older' rather than denying ageing: problematizing anti-ageing discourse in relation to cosmetic surgery undertaken by older people. J Aging Stud.