Marius Johan Geertsema Heidegger’s ontopoetology The poetic projection of Being TESE DE DOUTORADO Thesis presented to the Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filosofia of the Departamento de Filosofia, PUC-Rio as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doutor em Filosofia. Advisor: Prof. Edgar de Brito Lyra Netto Volume I Rio de Janeiro April 2016 Marius Johan Geertsema Heidegger's ontopoetology The poetic projection of Being Thesis presented to the Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filosofia of the Departamento de Filosofia do Centro de Teologia e Ciências Humanas da PUC-Rio, as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doutor. Prof. Edgar de Brito Lyra Netto Orientador Departamento de filosofia - PUC-Rio Prof. Luiz Camillo Portella Osório de Almeida Departamento de filosofia - PUC-Rio Prof. Paulo Cesar Duque Estrada Departamento de filosofia - PUC-Rio Prof. André de Macedo Duarte Universidade Federal de Paraná - UFPR Prof. Fernando Antonio Soares Fragoso Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ Profa. Denise Berruezo Portinari Coordenadora Setorial do Centro de Teologia E Ciências Humanas - PUC-Rio Rio de Janeiro, April 3rd, 2016 All rights reserved Marius Johan Geertsema The author graduated (BA) in Philosophy from the University Leiden in 2008 and received a master degree in Philosophy in 2009 and a master degree in Education in 2010 both from the University of Amsterdam. Ficha Catalográfica Geertsema, Marius Johan Heidegger’s ontopoetology : the poetic projection of Being / Marius Johan Geertsema ; advisor: C D Edgar de Brito Lyra Netto. – 2016. D 2 v. ; 30 cm : 1 Tese (doutorado)–Pontifícia Universidade 0 Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Filosofia, 0 2016. CDD:100 Inclui bibliografia 1. Filosofia – Teses. 2. Heidegger. 3. Ontologia. 4. Linguagem. 5. Poesia. 6. História. I. Lyra Netto, Edgar de Brito. II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Filosofia. III. Título. CDD: 100 Acknowledgments I would like to thank Capes and PUC-Rio for scholarship and support. This thesis could not have been realized without it. Allard Gunnink for reviewing the text and René Nachtschatten for his advices on German translations. My adviser prof. Edgar de Brito Lyra Netto for his classes and orientations. Boardmembers: Prof. Paulo Cesar Duque Estrada, prof. Luiz Camillo Osorio de Almeida, prof. André de Macedo Duarte, prof. Fernando Antonio Soares Fragoso. And, finally, my girlfriend Beatriz Blanco Siffert for her patience, friendship and love. Abstract Geertsema, Marius Johan; Lyra Netto, Edgar de Brito (Advisor). Heidegger's ontopoetology: The poetic projection of Being. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 356p. Doctoral Thesis – Departamento de Filosofia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Ecstatic Being takes place as the way in which the concealed origin futurely comes towards itself, which Heidegger calls the ‘appropriating event’ (Ereignis). This self-appropriation of Being is a turning homewards as a homecoming, which has no longer its say in Heidegger’s late thought by means of the language of metaphysics, in terms of the being of Dasein or the being of entities, i.e. the language of presence, but poetically, silently, as the language of absence, i.e. the mystery. Heidegger’s view that poetry is the language of Being spoken of Being by Being we call ‘ontopoetology’. Keywords Heidegger; ontology; metaphysics; history; language; poetry; truth. Resumo Geertsema, Marius Johan; Lyra Netto, Edgar de Brito. A Ontopoetologia de Heidegger: a projeção poética do Ser. Rio de Janeiro, 2016. 356p. Tese de Doutorado – Departamento de Filosofia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. O Ser extático existe como o modo pelo qual a origem oculta se e volta a si mesma futuramente, o que Heidegger chama de ‘o evento apropriador’ (Ereignis). Esta auto-apropriação do Ser é uma viagem pela estranheza, um virar em direção à casa, como um retorno à casa, que no pensamento tardio de Heidegger já não se expressa mais por meio da linguagem da metafísica, em termos do ser do Dasein ou o ser dos entes, ou seja, a linguagem da presença, mas poeticamente, silenciosamente, como a língua de ausência, ou seja, o mistério. A perspectiva de Heidegger que a poesia é a linguagem do Ser é falado de Ser pelo Ser que chamo de ‘onto-poetologia’. Palavras-chave Heidegger; ontology; metaphysics; history; language; poetry; truth. Table of contents Introduction................................................................................................. 9 1 The appropriation of existence .............................................................. 17 1.1. The ancient quarrel ........................................................................... 17 1.2. Heidegger’s quest for being - an overview ........................................ 24 1.3. A battle of giants - being in Being and Time ...................................... 32 1.4. The world and the clearing ................................................................ 43 1.5. Existence: ‘a time to’ ......................................................................... 66 1.6. The sting of death .............................................................................. 85 2 The appropriation of Being .................................................................... 94 2.1. The turning ........................................................................................ 94 2.2. The appropriating event................................................................... 138 2.3. Truth and method ............................................................................ 155 2.4. The hidden spiral in the epoch of modern technology ..................... 181 3 The appropriation of the word .............................................................. 216 3.1. Language ........................................................................................ 216 3.2. Heidegger’s concept of poetry ......................................................... 234 3.3. Hölderlin – the herald of the mystery ............................................... 243 3.4. The elucidation - snowfall on a bell ................................................. 248 3.5. On distant peaks ............................................................................. 256 3.6. Founding and grounding.................................................................. 268 3.7. Holy names ..................................................................................... 276 3.8. The fourfold – The four poles of the poetic projection. .................... 291 3.9. Poetry - historical topology .............................................................. 315 3.10. An uncanny feast ........................................................................... 343 Conclusion ....…………….…..……….………………………………….…. 352 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 353 Oh, the poets are right, there is nothing so little and of so little account that man could not be inspired by it. Friedrich Hölderlin, Hyperion 9 Introduction In thinking all things become solitary and slow. Heidegger, From the Experience of Thinking To present an introduction in philosophy is to assume, in Heidegger’s view, that the one who ought to be initiated stands at first outside of philosophy.1 But in fact, the historical human being stands essentially and therefore always already within philosophy, Heidegger argues in line with a historization of Plato’s original argument.2 Strictly thought, there cannot exist an introduction into philosophy. The historical human being moves always already around in thought by ‘thinking of’ (andenken) and ‘thinking towards’ (zu-denken), which Heidegger calls the ‘wellspring’ of poetry.3 As a remembering (andenkendes) being, the human being philosophizes. Philosophy, that is to say the human being itself, has a Janus head that looks at once back and ahead. That which is thought towards and at the same time already thought before, is man’s area of abidance (Aufenthaltsbereich) as philosophy, which has a poetic source. Since all human beings are essentially thinking beings, they cannot be ‘in’-troduced into what they already are. Philosophy is, in Heidegger’s view, therefore rather the remembrance and appropriation of what one already is, namely a way; a becoming; a historically self-appropriating being. Although man is a thinking being, not everyone is a thinker and at any given time already thinking.4 We should therefore, in Heidegger’s view, as thinking beings first become thoughtful. This means that one might be reminded of one’s thinking nature, like Heidegger intends to do by means his writings and we in his shadow try in this ‘introduction’ as well. We say ‘we’, since it is essential that the reader is included in that contemplation. Thinking can only be disclosed by means of thinking itself, instead of mere representing, ordering or cataloguing. Let us not 1 HEIDEGGER, M. Nietzsches Metaphysik, Einleitung in die philosophie: Denken und Dichten. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1990. GA 50. p. 90-91. 2 HEIDEGGER, M. Wegmarken. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1976. GA 9, p. 122. 3 HEIDEGGER, M. Wass heisst denken?. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 2002. GA 8 p. 13. 4 HEIDEGGER, M. Nietzsches Metaphysik, Einleitung in die philosophie: Denken und Dichten p. 101. 10 beat around the bush. What Heidegger calls ‘thinking’ has very little to do with ordinary scientific and