THE MAIN CHARACTER’S MATURITY IN TWAIN’S THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER A THESIS Submitted of the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Hasanuddin University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to obtain a Sarjana Degree in English. Written by IMA ASMIRAWATI F211 13 046 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY MAKASSAR 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirahmanirrahim First of all, I gratefully thank to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe for love, guidance, spirit and always gives the strength for passing through everything in my life, especially in accomplishing my thesis. Shalawat and Salam may always be poured by Allah to our great prophet Muhammad SAW who have successful accompanied us go to the truth way. The researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to some parties that have given support, advice, guidance, and suggestion during the accomplishment of this thesis. They are: 1. The writer also wishes to express her special appreciation to her parents (Muh. Aris Patimbangi and Aminah) and my sisters (Emi Ismayana and Melisa Astriana) who have patiently given their moral and financial, advice, support, love, and prayers for me so that I can finish my study at the University. I love you All. 2. Drs. Raden SM. Assagaf, M. Ed. The first advisor who has given guidance and correction to the writer. Thank you very much. 3. Abbas, S.S., M. Hum. The second advisor for his helps in giving valuable correcting, guidance, and suggestion in finishing this thesis. 4. All lectures of English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences in Hasanuddin University, who had supported and given knowledge to the writer. vi 5. My beloved Boyfriend, Andi Afri Taqbir who has patiently given support, love and prayer for me until I finish my study. 6. Thank you for my KKN friends, Ical, Angga, Ivan, Nurul, Mala and Rasya for their support and help to complete my thesis. 7. My Girls Day Out (Sarina and Dyna) Thank you for the support, love and time we shared together. 8. Thank you to My Teman Sekosan (Sherly and Ino) for help, prayer and love we shared together until I finish my study. 9. My beloved friends (Halim, Rea, Wilda, Sri, Rini, Cali, Eka, Daud, March, Nanna, Ani, Naya) and all my friends whose names I cannot tell one by one who have given me support, love and prayers for me. 10. To my ETCETERA 2013, thank you for the help and time we shared together in our study. I love you All. Finally, the writer would like to admit that this thesis might contain many weaknesses. Therefore, I always Invite Criticisms and suggestions for the development of this thesis. Makassar, 13 September 2017 The writer vii ABSTRACT IMA ASMIRAWATI. 2017. The Main Character’s Maturity in Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Supervised by Raden SM. Assagaf and Abbas). This thesis aims to discuss Tom's maturity process to solve the conflicts through his life full of extraordinary experiences and adventures. Although the main character is a boy, he already has ability to face all the experiences. It shows that he is able to reach maturity in his very young age. The author uses a Structural Approach in analyzing this research. Structural literary approach is an approach that analyzes the intrinsic literary works contained in literary works, then to related the conflicts and maturity contained within the main character, the author uses the Psychoanalysis Theory. The author uses descriptive analysis that describes what is contained in the literary work in the form of analysis. Through the analysis, the writer finds that Tom Sawyer is a mischievous boy who often gets and out into troubles. He is also an imaginative, lazy, full of curiosity, and cowardly. Most of them are clearly seen in his speech, his attitude, and his thought in facing his life. Moreover, the analysis shows that the boy experiences some conflicts with other characters; they are Aunt Polly, Huckleberry Finn, and Becky Thatcher. Those are the most important conflicts which help him mature. The conflicts with those other characters change Tom’s mind and attitude. His understanding toward problem in his childhood shows that his maturity begins to attain. Moreover, Tom’s maturity is seen in his self-evaluation, his ability to deal with frustration, and his sense of responsibility. Those criteria prove that his maturity process is already proven in this study. Keyword: Maturity, The Main character’s, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer viii ABSTRAK IMA ASMIRAWATI. 2017. Kedewasaan dari Tokoh Utama dalam Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Dibimbing oleh Raden SM. Assagaf dan Abbas) Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan proses kedewasaan Tom untuk menyelesaikan konflik yang dialaminya melalui kehidupannya yang penuh dengan pengalaman-pengalaman yang luar biasa serta petualangannya. Walaupun tokoh utama tergolong seorang anak, dia mampu menghadapi semua permasalahannya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Tom telah sampai pada kedewasaan di usianya yang masih sangat muda. Penulis menggunakan Pendekatan Structural dalam menganalisis penelitian ini. Pendekatan structural sastra merupakan pendekatan yang menganalisis karya sastra dari segi intrinsik yang terdapat dalam karya sastra, kemudian untuk menganalisis konflik dan kedewasaan yang terdapat dalam diri tokoh utama, penulis menggunakan Teori Psikoanalisis. Penulis menggunakan Analisis Deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan apa yang terdapat dalam karya sastra dalam bentuk analisis. Penulis menemukan bahwa Tom Sawyer adalah anak yang nakal yang selalu membuat masalah. Ia juga anak yang mempunyai banyak imajinasi, malas, penuh dengan keingintahuan dan penakut. Penggambaran tokoh Tom Sawyer ini terlihat jelas dari perkataannya, tingkah lakunya serta dalam pemikirannya dalam menjalani kehidupan. Lebih lanjut, analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa ia mengalami banyak konflik dengan karakter karakter lain; mereka adalah Aunt Polly, Huckleberry Finn, dan Becky Thatcher. Konflik tersebut merupakan konflik yang paling pokok dalam cerita ini yang nantinya dapat mendewasakan Tom. Konflik-konflik dengan karakter lain telah merubah pikiran dan tingkah laku pada diri Tom. Pengertiannya terhadap masalah di masa kecilnya menunjukkan bahwa kedewasaannya sudah mulai tercapai. Lebih lanjut, kedewasaan Tom terlihat jelas pada kemampuan evaluasinya, pada kemampuan dalam mengatasi kekecewaan, dan pada pengertiannya tentang tanggungjawab. Semua criteria tersebut membuktikan adanya proses kedewasaan Tom dalam studi Keyword: Maturity, The Main character’s, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ix TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE………………………………………………………………………………i AGREEMENT PAGES................................................................................... ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………….…………………………………………ii ABSTRACT………………………...…….………......………………………….iv TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………...……...…….………..…….vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background...........................................................................................1 1.2 Identification of Problem........................................................................3 1.3 Scope of Problem..................................................................................3 1.4 Statement of the Problem......................................................................3 1.5 Objective of Writing...............................................................................4 1.6 The sequence of Chapters....................................................................4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous Studies....................................................................................6 2.2 Structuralism Approach.........................................................................7 2.2.1 Characters....................................................................................8 2.2.2 Plot.............................................................................................10 2.2.3 Setting........................................................................................11 2.2.4 Theme........................................................................................13 2.3 Theory of Psychoanalysis...................................................................14 2.3.1 Maturity......................................................................................17 2.3.2 Conflict.......................................................................................18 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design................................................................................21 3.1.1 Qualitative Method.....................................................................21 3.1.2 Descriptive Analysis...................................................................21 3.2 Method of Collecting Data...................................................................22 3.3 Method of Data Analysis.....................................................................22 3.4 Research Procedures.........................................................................23 x CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS 4.1 Intrinsic element of the adventures of Tom Sawyer……………………24 4.1.1 Characters……………...……………………………………………24 4.1.2 Plot……………………………………………………………………35 4.1.3 Setting……………………………………………..…………………38 4.1.4 Theme……………………………………..…………………………44 4.2 The Conflict of Characters in the Novel…………………………………45 4.3 The Maturity of Main Character to Solve the Conflicts in The Novel ……………………………………………………………………………...48 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………..………………..57 5.2 Suggestion………………………………………………………....………58