AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY A NEW CYCLOPEDIA Compiled Under the Editorial Supervision of A NOTABLE ADVISORY BOARD ILLUSTRATED VOLUME VI Published under the Direction of THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Inc New York 1919 Il fcíT.y Y?4 л , -Jb \' kTltDW Fui .¿öATIOt.tl | H i'.'"0_ ^ ' j ADVISORY BOARD Alonso Abernethy, Pb. ».. John F. Lacey, Member Board of Regents, State University Representative In Congress from Iowa, 1889- of Iowa; Dee Moines, Iowa. 1907; Oskaloosa, Iowa. Bdwlu Anderson Alderman. D.C.L., LL.D., President University of Virginia; University, William F. McDowell, Ph.D., D.D., 1,1..»., Bishop of Methodist Episcopal Church; Chi Virginia. cago, Illinois. K. IteiiJ. Andrews, A.M., D.D., LL.I)., Chancellor Emeritus, University of Nebraska; Henry M. MacCracken, D.D., LL.D., Lincoln, Nebraska. Chancellor Emeritus. New York University; Rlroy M. Avery, РЬ.В., ГЬ.М., Ph.D., I.I,.»., D.C.L., University Heights, New York. Historian; Cleveland, Ohio. William H. Mace, A. M., Ph.D., Harlan Hoce Ballard, A.B., William Griffin Professor History and Polit Librarian; Plttsfleld, Massachusetts. ical Science, University of Syracuse; Syra cuse, New York. Frank \V. Blackmar, A.M., Ph.D., Dean of Graduating School, University of Jesse Мясу. A. M., Ы..1).. Kansas; Lawrence, Kansas. Author, Professor Political Science, Iowa Chas. A. Blnnchard, D. II., College; Grinnell, Iowa. President Wheaton College; Wheaton, Illi Bernard Moses, Ph.D., LL.I).. nois. Professor History and Political Science. Uni Maurice Illoomneld, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., versity of California; Berkeley, California. Orientalist, Philologist, Johns Hopkins Uni Thomas M. Owen, A.M., I.L.I)., versity; Baltimore, Maryland. Historian, Department of Archives; Mont Theodore C. Bnrgess, A.M., Ph.D., gomery, Alabama. Director Bradley Polytechnic Institute; Peo ria, Illinois. Daniel B. Purlnton. A.M., Ph.D.. LL.I)., Ex-President Denlson University, Granville, Nathaniel Butler, D.D., I.1..I».. Ohio. Director University Extension Division, Uni versity of Chicago; Chicago, Illinois. Putnam, Mrs. Мигу N.. Prominent In Patriotic Societies; Elizabeth- Franklin Carter, A.M., Ph.D., LL.I)., town, New Jersey. Former President Williams College; Wll- llamstown, Massachusetts. George L. Raymond, A.M., L.H.»., Walter Clark, A.M., LL.D., Professor of Aesthetics, George Washington Chief Justice North Carolina Supreme Court; University; Los Angeles, California. Raleigh, North Carolina. William O. Stoddard, A.M., V. Lansing Collins, A.M., Author and Journalist; Madison, New Jersey. Reference Librarian, Princeton University; Charles W. Super, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D., Princeton, New Jersey. Ex-President Ohio University; Athens, Ohio. Katherine Eleanor County, Robert E. Thompson, A.M.. Ph.D., S.T.D., LL.D., Editor, Educator, Author; St. Mary's College and Academy, Notre Dame, Indiana, and President Central High School; Philadelphia, Boston, Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. William Richard Cutter, A.M., Francis N. Thorpe, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D., Former Historian of New England Historic- Professor, University of Pittsburgh; Pitts Genealogical Society; Woburn, Massachu burgh, Pennsylvania. setts. William Trelense, Sc.D., LI..»., William H. Dana, F.C.M., Professor of Botany. University of Illinois; President Dana's Musical Institute; Warren, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. Ohio. UIIIIiu,, P. Trent. A.M., D.C.L.. LL.D., Thomas FeU, Ph.D., D.C.L., LL.D., University Professor, Editor and Author, President St. John's College; Annapolis, Columbia University; New York City. Maryland. Henry S. Tucker, A.M., LL.D., Joseph F. Folsom, Dean School of Jurisprudence and Law, Author, Librarian and Corresponding Secre George Washington University; Washington, tary New Jersey Historical Society. District of Columbia. Thomas F. Gallor, A.M., S.T.I)., D.D., Irving G. Vnnn, M.A., LL.D., Bishop of Tennessee; Memphis, Tennessee. Judge New York Court of Appeals; Syracuse, Samuel A. Green, A.M., M.D., LL.D., New York. Librarian and Vice-President Massachusetts Л rim N. Waterman, A. II., LL.I)., Historical Society; Boston, Massachusetts. Dean John Marshall Law School; Chicago, Wm. K. firmln, A.M., D.D., I, .11.1)., Illinois. Educationist, Traveler, Lecturer, Author; Stephen B, Weeks, A.M.. Ph.D., LL.D.. Ithaca, New York. Historian Bureau of Education; Washington. Kdmunil J. Jumes, A.M., Ph.D., I.I,. I)., District of Columbia. President University of Illinois; Urbana- Wm. C. Wlnslow, Ph.».. L.H.»., S.T.D., D.D., Champalgn, Illinois. LL.D., D.C.L., Sc.D., John W. Jordan, 1. 1. .П., Orientalist, Archaeologist, Egyptologist; Bos Librarian Pennsylvania Historical Society; ton, Massachusetts. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. George T. Winston, LU«. H., A.M., LUD, Robert F. Kerr, A.B., A.M., President North Carolina College of Agri Founder South Dakota State Historical Soci culture and Mechanic Arts; A she ville. North ety; Brookings, South Dakota. Carolina. BIOGRAPHICAL АВ.-б-i ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY MITCHEL, John Purroy, vestigation, in which he took a leading part. While he was president of the Publicist, Fallen in World War. Board of Aldermen, during a part of Sep John Purroy Mitchel, the ninety-sev tember and October, 1910, he had full enth mayor of New York City, was the power as mayor, owing to the disability son of Captain James and Mary (Purroy) of Mayor Gaynor by an attempted assas Mitchel. He was born at Fordham, New sination. He, however, resigned this of York, July 19, 1879, and received his pre fice to become Collector of the Port of liminary education in the public and pa New York by appointment of President rochial schools of his native city, where Wilson. he was fitted to enter Fordham Universi In the mayoralty campaign of 1913 the ty. He became a member of the class of death of Mayor Gaynor had removed an 1899 of Columbia University, receiving important factor. The better element of on his graduation the degree of A. B. The the Republican and Democratic parties next two years were spent at the New formed a Fusion party with only one ob York Law School, the degree of LL. B. ject in view, the defeat of Tammany. As being conferred on him. He was admit a standard bearer, on account of the pres ted to the New York bar in June, 1901, tige of the offices he had held and his pub and commenced the practice of his profes lic services, they chose Mr. Mitchel as sion, being the senior partner of the law their candidate for mayor. He easily de firm of Mitchel & Milan. He married, feated Edward E. McCall, his opponent, April 9, 1909, Olive, daughter of Fran- and was inaugurated mayor of New York, lin D. Child, of Boston, Massachusetts. January 1, 1914, being only thirty-four A descendant of a New York family of years of age. Mayor Mitchel brought to Irish lineage, which had figured promi the chief executive office the physical nently in the history of the city, he early strength and health of his young man took a part in the civic activities of the hood, and this, with his acute business city. When only twenty-seven years of acumen, his vast knowledge of city af age he received the appointment as a fairs, fully equipped him to perform all special counsel to the City of New York the functions of the office. He was the to investigate city accounts. His busi youngest in point of years that had ever nesslike and successful methods attracted filled the New York mayoralty chair, and the attention of George B.McClellan, then his administration takes rank, and he was mayor of the city, who appointed him accredited by many, even not his par commissioner of accounts. He continued tisans, as one of the city's most success his investigations and the revelations ful mayors. His administration was mark which resulted won him public credit, and ed by several controversies. One, which he was elected at the age of thirty years attracted nation-wide attention, was over president of the Board of Aldermen. The affairs in charitable institutions. Military most important matter that was in con matters were somewhat of a hobby with troversy at this time was the subway in him, and during his term of office he took ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY a course of training at Plattsburg, New employment of experts from other cities York. During his mayoralty he placed to assist in the administration of some the police department partly on a military of the city departments, notably that of t>asis. He established a military training education, Mayor Mitchel having estab corps for policemen, and organized an lished the Gary System of School Educa efficient home defense guard as soon as tion. Mayor Mitchel was a strong advo war was declared with Germany. He cate of preparedness. His battle cry and was credited with having brought the his chief issue during his last mayoralty police department to the highest state campaign was Americanism. of efficiency known in the city's history. Judge Hylan was elected, though The recent war brought manifold du Mayor Mitchel was second in the race. ties to be performed by Mayor Mitchel; His defeat for re-election was due to the the members of the different allied com fact of there being four candidates in the missions were received with honor and field, the machine politicians of the Re hospitality by the chief executive of the publican party insisting on running a city, and praises were universal for the nominee against the advice and judg intelligence, manly deportment, and the ment of the better element of the party hearty hand of welcome extended to them who desired to endorse the Fusion candi by the civic head of the great metropolis. date, also of the unknown strength shown He was constantly called to the review by the Socialist party.