Histoire de l’Alsace Tome VII Comté de Ferrette Kevin Smith http://www.lessmiths.com/~kjsmith/html/main.shtml 2017 KJ Smith i ii INTRODUCTION Ma Serie sur l’Histoire de l’Alsace This little guide stems from my interest in “putting it all together”, for understanding something of the history of Alsace (whence comes my lovely Tome I: Haut-Rhin bride). I am partictularily interested in that history which has left tangible Tome II: Bas-Rhin evidence in the form of many castles dotting the Vosges foothills and the Tome III: Histoire Naturelle fortified towns which often opposed them on the fertile plains below. Not Tome IV: Maison Eguisheim only the towns and castles themselves but the ghosts of those who lived Tome V: Les origines du monachisme en Alsace there, their concerns, motavations, and the broader European social currents Tome VI: Maison Ribeaupierre that influenced and often inundated them. Tome VII: Comté de Ferrette As part of this interest, I have also started to cobble together a set of histories for certian noble families of interest to me. These are mostly families from Haut Rhis, upper Alsace and include the Eguisheim, Ribeaupierre and in this volume, the lords of Ferrette. Each family has participated in the regions' history in ways that provide insights into the larger political history of Alsace. The Ferrette family history starts in the twelth century and flows to extinction in the fourteenth century. The county title “comte de Ferrette” then passes to others including such notables as the Habsburgs, Cardinal Mazarin of France, and today the title is held by the prince of Monaco. As such my Ferrette history is more about the county and title than the original family. Enjoy! Kevin Smith 2017 http://www.lessmiths.com/~kjsmith/html/main.shtml iii iv Carte de la Haute Alsace / Oberelsass Cette carte fait mention des divisions administrativesd'Ancien régime (prévôté, châtellenie). Le Comté de Ferrette (Grafschaft Pfirt) est entouréde vert, ce qui montre l’importance ancienne de cette seigneurie, qui figure à cheval sur les zoneslinguistiques allemande et française. Certains noms de lieux, écrits en forme française (ou médiévaux ?), ne sont plus utilisés de nos jours. Ainsi en est-il par exemple des actuelles villes d'Ensisheim (Angessey, résidence du tribunal des Vorderösterreichische Landen, Autriche antérieure habsbourgeoise) ou d'Ottmarsheim (Hotmerssain). Cette toponymie rappelait, dans l’Elsass-Lothringen de 1913, province vassale du Second Empire allemand, la période française passée et la rattachait à une période historique préallemande voire prégermanique. v vi CONTENTS: 60 Bâle (évêché) 1 Les blasons héraldiques Jean-Paul Prongué 3 Sundgau (Haut-Rhin) 66 Les Comtes de Ferrette Wikipedia gilles.maillet.free.fr 6 Comté de Ferrette 78 Liste des comtes de Ferrette Wikipedia Wikipedia 12 Château de Ferrette 91 Maison de Scarpone Wikipedia Wikipedia 16 Château de Landskron 99 Herren von Pfirt Wikipedia Wikiwand 17 Château de Morimont 120 Histoire des dix Villes Jadis Liberes Wikipedia J.B. Chauffour (selon Schôpflin) 1825 121 Seigneurie de Ferrette 19 Histoire et légendes de Thann 126 Seigneurie d'Altkirch www.ville-thann.fr 130 Seigneurie de Thann 133 Seigneurie de Belfort 22 Château d'Engelbourg 141 Seigneurie de Rougemont www.chateauxfortsalsace.com 142 Seigneurie de Landser 146 Seigneurie de Massevaux 25 l'Histoire d'Altkirch www.mairie-altkirch.fr 148 Histoire des Comtes de Ferrette A. Quiquerez 1863 27 Château d'Altkirch Wikipedia 149 I Description des ruines du château de Ferrette. 153 II Histoire des premiers Comtes de Ferrette. 29 Florimont 157 III Frédéric I. Comte de Ferrette. www.florimont.fr 160 IV Louis I, Comte de Ferrette. 166 V Frédéric II. Comte de Ferrette. 35 Comté de Bourgogne 201 VI Ulric I, comte de Ferrette. Wikipedia 216 VII Théobald, comte de Ferrette. 234 VIII Ulric II, comte de Ferrette. 41 Principauté de Montbéliard 242 IX Jeanne de Ferrette. Wikipedia 251 X Comté et château de Ferrette sous la maison d'Autriche. 259 XI Maisons nobles du nom de Ferrette. 47 Abbaye de Lucelle 262 XII Sceaux et armoiries des comtes de Ferrette. Wikipedia 267 Notes 52 Diocèse de Bâle danyburn.tv-com.net vii viii Les blasons héraldiques Lucelle Riquewihr Horbourg Royaume de France av 1376 ap 1376 Confédération Helvétique Duché Bourgogne Comté ap 1260 Porrentruy Montbéliard Montbéliard Bar Éveché Bâle Diocèse Bâle Ville Saint-Empire Alsace Lorraine Sundgau Habsburg Mazarin Ferrette Thann Vieux Thann Monaco Altkirch Landser Rougemont Masevaux Belfort Florimont 1 2 Sundgau (Haut-Rhin) The Landgraviate of Sundgau (also known as Landgraviate of Upper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundgau Alsace), the successor of the Carolingian county, had been administered by the counts of Habsburg since 1135. They had owned the adjacent County of Archaeological digs have revealed vestiges of palaeolithic and Neolithic Sundgau even earlier. The Habsburgs enlarged their possessions in the area settlements. Traces of Bronze Age cremation pyres have also been found. with numerous acquisitions in the following centuries, until by the mid-14th Excavations at Illfurth date from the Iron Age (650 BC to 430 BC). century almost all of the former Carolingian county was in the possession of Habsburg. Their consolidated territories in the area became known simply In the 1st century BC, the Sequani tribe (the most "gaulish of Gauls" as the Sundgau, and belonged to the Austrian Circle of the Empire after according to historian Henri Martin), which was centered around Besançon, 1512. The Habsburgian Sundgau was administered from Ensisheim by a settled in Sundgau. From 70 BC, they waged perpetual bailli (bailiff or seneschal) and divided into four bailiwicks (Landser, warfare with their neighbours, the Aedui, calling upon Thann, Altkirch and Ferrette). Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy tried German mercenaires, led by Ariovistus. When the unsuccessfully to claim the Sundgau during the Gugler War of 1375. conflict finished, the Germans settled into the region, and the Sequani, to remove them appealed to the As of 1500, the Austrian Sundgau encompassed most of the southern Romans. Julius Caesar defeated Ariovistus in 58 BC Alsace and was bordered by the following states (from the north, near Cernay, and a long domination by the Romans clockwise): Imperial City of Colmar, County of Württemberg, the Austrian commenced. This ended suddenly in 405, when the Breisgau, the Margraviate of Baden, the Imperial City of Basel, the Alamani crossed the Rhine and occupied Sundgau. They, in turn, were Bishopric of Basel, the County of Württemberg (County of Montbéliard), followed by the Franks following their victory at the Battle of Tolbiac in the Duchy of Lorraine, the Abbacy of Murbach, and the Bishopric of 496. Sundgau was incorporated into the kingdom of Austrasia and Strasbourg (the Mundat). The Imperial City of Mulhouse formed an enclave Christianity was introduced under the Merovingians. surrounded by the Sundgau. About 750, the Duchy of Alsace was divided into two counties, Nordgau The Reformation did not trouble Sundgau, despite the proximity of Basle (Unterelsass) and Sundgau, the latter being mentioned in the Treaty of and Mulhouse. The country maintained its fidelity to the religion of the Mersen in 870. Historically then, Sundgau coincides with the lands of the Habsburgs, Catholicism. counts of Ferrette and Habsburg, excepting the town of Mulhouse and its territories of Illzach and Modenheim (fr). Geographically, Sundgau denotes Commencing in 1632, the Thirty Years' War broke upon Sundgau, with a a more restricted area comprising the hilly country to the south of Mulhouse violence unprecedented in the history of the region. The Swedish, supported and reaching to the valley of Lucelle. by France, invaded the country, pillaging and burning all in their path. In reaction, the inhabitants of the countryside revolted. But the rebellion was During the 9th century and the 10th century Sundgau was administered by subdued, and the Swedes hanged the ringleaders from roadside trees. From the Lieutfried family. Following the breakup of Charlemagne's empire, the 1634, the Swedes ceded their fortresses to the French, and in 1648 the war region entered a period of instability, culminating in the emergence of ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. The butcher's bill was disastrous - feudalism. From 925 on, the Sundgau belonged to the Duchy of Swabia; it some parts of Sundgau had lost up to 80% of their population. The country remained a part of Swabia until the Duchy disintegrated in the 13th century. became French, and in 1659, the counthood of Ferrette was granted to cardinal Mazarin (nominally by the then 21-year-old Louis XIV). In 1125, Frederic, son of Theodoric I of Montbéliard, inherited the south of Alsace and became count of Ferrette. So, from 1125 to 1324, a large part of The beginning of the 18th century was a period of prosperity with the the Sundgau was administered by the counts of Ferrette. Ulrich III (1310– development of agriculture and the development of the textile industry. But 1324) conquered the valley of Saint-Amarin but died with no male issue. economic and social conditions dissimproved in the second half of the His daughter Jeanne married Albert II, Duke of Austria in 1324, and the century, with overpowering taxation, and occasional famines. County of Ferrette fell to Austria and was integrated with the other Habsburg possessions in the area. In 1789, the repercussions of the French Revolution reached Sundgau, and many conflicts arose in the townships, mainly due to the unpopularity of the 3 4 ruling classes. In 1790, Sundgau was included into the département of Haut- Comté de Ferrette Rhin, and Altkirch became its principal town. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Ferrette Order was restored during the Consulate and the Empire. Little changed Au VIIIe siècle vit Boronus, propriétaire de toute la during the 19th century, agriculture remaining the principal economic contrée nommée alors « Pagus Alsgaugiensis » ou « activity, despite the establishment of industries such as the Gilardoni canton d'Elsgau ».