DOCUMENT document title/ titre du document EUROPEAN SPACE TECHNOLOGY HARMONISATION - TECHNICAL DOSSIER N BOARD ADIO AVIGATION ECEIVERS prepared by/préparé par A. García-Rodríguez / TEC-ETN . reference/réference TEC-ETN/2007.65 issue/édition 2 revision/révision 2 date of issue/date d’édition 16 April 2008 status/état Document type/type de document Technical Note Distribution/distribution a TD ESA OB Radio Navigation Receivers V2-2.doc On board Radio Navigation Receivers issue 2 revision 2 - 16 April 2008 TEC-ETN/2007.65 page ii of v APPROVAL Title On board Radio Navigation Receivers issue 2 revision 2 titre issue revision author A. García-Rodríguez / TEC-ETN . date 16 April 2008 auteur date approved by JL. Gerner, TEC-ETN date 16 April 2008 approuvé by R. de Gaudenzi, TEC-ET date . CHANGE LOG reason for change /raison du changement issue/issue revision/revision date/date CHANGE RECORD Issue: 2 Revision: 2 reason for change/raison du changement page(s)/page(s) paragraph(s)/paragraph(s) On board Radio Navigation Receivers issue 2 revision 2 - 16 April 2008 TEC-ETN/2007.65 page iii of v T ABLE O F C ONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................1 1.1 List of Acronyms ...............................................................................................................................2 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................6 3 TECHNOLOGY STATUS OVERVIEW.................................................................8 3.1 Technology Overview........................................................................................................................8 3.2 Areas Covered by this Technology Dossier.......................................................................................9 3.3 Rationale for Harmonisation of the Technology..............................................................................10 3.4 Technology State of the Art .............................................................................................................10 3.4.1 Prototypes, experiments and first receivers .............................................................................10 3.4.2 Technology state-of-the art ......................................................................................................12 3.4.2.1 Single Frequency Space Receivers ......................................................................................12 3.4.2.2 Multiple Frequency Space Receivers...................................................................................14 3.4.2.3 Low Cost Space Receivers Based on COTS Parts...............................................................16 3.4.2.4 Core Technologies...............................................................................................................17 3.4.2.4.1 RF FE.............................................................................................................................17 3.4.2.4.2 Base-Band Processing....................................................................................................19 3.4.3 State-of-the-Art Summary........................................................................................................21 3.5 Competitiveness and Benchmarking................................................................................................22 3.6 Technology Trend............................................................................................................................26 3.6.1 General technology trends.......................................................................................................26 3.6.1.1 Multi Constellations / Multi Frequency Receivers. New GNSS signals ............................26 3.6.1.2 Advance Microelectronics. Miniaturisation of Space Qualified GNSS Receivers..............27 3.6.1.3 Software GNSS Receivers ...................................................................................................27 3.6.1.4 New Multipath Mitigation Techniques ................................................................................28 3.6.1.5 Integration with other sensors and systems..........................................................................28 3.6.1.6 Performance improvement. New signal and data processing algorithms ...........................28 3.6.2 Ongoing activities in radio navigation technology in Europe..................................................29 3.6.2.1 GNSS Receivers Modernisation. New GPS and Galileo signals.........................................29 3.6.2.2 Advance Microelectronics. Core Technologies evolutions .................................................30 3.6.2.3 Integrated GNSS Receivers. ................................................................................................30 3.6.2.4 Software GNSS Receivers ...................................................................................................30 3.6.2.5 Multipath Mitigation............................................................................................................31 3.6.3 Ongoing activities in radio navigation technology Outside Europe ........................................31 4 MISSION NEEDS AND MARKET PERSPECTIVES..........................................33 4.1 Application to Missions. GNSS-based Space Applications.............................................................33 4.1.1 Absolute navigation.................................................................................................................34 On board Radio Navigation Receivers issue 2 revision 2 - 16 April 2008 TEC-ETN/2007.65 page iv of v 4.1.1.1 Launchers.............................................................................................................................34 4.1.1.2 Re-entry navigation..............................................................................................................34 4.1.1.3 LEO......................................................................................................................................35 4.1.1.4 GEO .....................................................................................................................................35 4.1.1.5 Precise LEO Navigation.......................................................................................................36 4.1.2 Relative navigation..................................................................................................................36 4.1.2.1 Rendezvous ..........................................................................................................................36 4.1.2.2 Formation Flying..................................................................................................................37 4.1.3 EaRth Observation and Scientific Instruments ........................................................................38 4.1.3.1 Precise Orbit Determination (POD).....................................................................................38 4.1.3.2 Geodetic and Atmospheric Research ...................................................................................38 4.1.4 Support to other sub-systems ...................................................................................................39 4.1.4.1 Attitude guidance.................................................................................................................39 4.1.4.2 Synchronisation....................................................................................................................39 4.1.5 Exploration...............................................................................................................................40 4.1.6 Application to Missions Summary...........................................................................................40 4.1.7 Ongoing Activities in Satellite Navigation Applications.........................................................43 4.1.7.1 Ongoing Activities in Satellite Navigation Applications in Europe ....................................43 4.1.7.1.1 High Altitude Navigation...............................................................................................43 4.1.7.1.2 Precise LEO Navigation.................................................................................................43 4.1.7.1.3 Rendezvous ....................................................................................................................44 4.1.7.1.4 Formation Flying............................................................................................................44 4.1.7.1.5 Precise Orbit Determination...........................................................................................44 4.1.7.1.6 Atmospheric Research. Radio Occultation (RO)...........................................................45 4.1.7.1.7 Advanced Science Applications.....................................................................................45 4.1.7.1.8 GNSS signal simulators .................................................................................................45 4.1.7.1.9 Autonomous Orbit Control with GNSS.........................................................................45 4.1.7.1.10 GNSS Attitude Determination .....................................................................................46 4.1.7.2 Ongoing Activities in Satellite Navigation outside Europe .................................................46