Advances in Rapid Sex-Steroid Action Gabriella Castoria • Antimo Migliaccio Editors Advances in Rapid Sex-Steroid Action New Challenges and New Chances in Breast and Prostate Cancers 123 Gabriella Castoria Antimo Migliaccio Department of General Pathology Department of Pathology II University of Naples II University of Naples Naples Naples Italy Italy e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4614-1763-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-1764-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1764-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011941855 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover design: eStudio Calamar Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) wwwwwww To Rosario Castoria, Giuseppe Migliaccio, and our families wwwwwww Preface For many years, those of us working in the field of steroid hormones were used to looking at the steroidal receptor as ligand inducible transcriptional factors. In the late 1960s, a lone voice (the mind goes to the pioneering work of C. Szego) began to raise the hypothesis that estrogens could act through different ways. Nowadays, after more than 40 years, no one has any doubts that steroids through their receptors, in addition to regulating gene transcription, activate outside from the nucleus a plenty of signaling pathways involved in the most important hormone actions, such as the cell growth, differentiation and motility. Nevertheless, despite the large amount of information about steroid signaling gained in the last years, the definite understanding of the mechanism of action of the steroid hormones appears as a puzzle that challenges our mind. In particular, a drawing of the interplay between the different signaling cascades and receptor dependent transcriptional activation is still far from being exhaustive. Of course, this book does not pretend to address this issue but is rather aimed to provide up to date information about some exciting new insights into the coop- erative interaction between the c-Src, other tyrosine kinases, PI3-K and steroid receptors. The molecular events are analyzed in two different settings: breast and prostate cancer. Furthermore, a small section of this book is dedicated to new tools for steroid receptor analysis and regulatory networks. The simple message that this book conveys is that the dissection of these networks could definitely change our understanding of the role of steroid hor- mones in biology and disease. The combinatory targeting of all hormone signaling effectors could dramatically change the outcome of breast and prostate cancers. Gabriella Castoria Antimo Migliaccio vii wwwwwww Contents Non-genomic Action of Steroid Hormones: More Questions than Answers .......................................... 1 Antimo Migliaccio, Gabriella Castoria, Antonio Bilancio, Pia Giovannelli, Marzia Di Donato and Ferdinando Auricchio Part I Breast Cancer Progesterone Signaling to Chromatin in Breast Cancer Cells. Two Initial Cycles of Remodeling............................ 19 Guillermo P. Vicent, Roser Zaurin, Cecilia Ballaré, A. Silvina Nacht, Roni H. G. Wright, Francois Le Dily, Giancarlo Castellano, Jofre Font-Mateu and Miguel Beato Cooperative Interactions Between c-Src, Estrogen Receptors and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Breast Cancer ................ 31 Sarah J. Parsons, Jessica E. Pritchard, Emily M. Fox and Margaret A. Shupnik Cross Talk Between ERa and Src Signaling and Its Relevance to ER Status and Hormone Responsiveness .................... 61 Jun Sun, Wen Zhou, Zafar Nawaz and Joyce M. Slingerland Post-translational Modifications of ER Alpha in Rapid Estrogen’s Action ....................................... 79 Muriel Le Romancer, Coralie Poulard, Stéphanie Sentis and Laura Corbo ix x Contents Sex-Steroid Rapid Action and Its Role in Invasiveness and Metastasis of Breast Cancer ........................................ 95 Marina Ines Flamini, Angel Matias Sanchez, Xiao-Dong Fu and Tommaso Simoncini Unraveling the Role of GPER in Breast Cancer ................. 115 Rosamaria Lappano and Marcello Maggiolini Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens and Xenoestrogens Affecting Endocrine Cancer Cells ................................... 129 Cheryl S. Watson, Dragoslava Zivadinovic, Yow-Jiun Jeng, Rebecca A. Alyea, Terumi Midoro-Horiuti, Randall Goldblum and Anannya Banga Part II Prostate Cancer Differential Functions of Stromal and Epithelial Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Before and After Castration Resistant Stage ..... 145 S. Lee, K.-P. Lai, S. Yeh and C. Chang Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: Genomic and Non-Genomic Actions.......................... 165 Sara Marchiani, Lara Tamburrino, Monica Muratori, Lorella Bonaccorsi, Gianni Forti and Elisabetta Baldi Mechanisms of Signal Transduction in Prostate Cancer: The Role of PI3-Kinase Pathway in Androgen Action .................... 179 Laurent Morel and Silvère Baron The IGF-I Axis in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Rapid Steroid Actions ......................................... 193 Antonino Belfiore Androgen Receptor Pathway in Prostate Cancer: Old Target and New Drugs ......................................... 213 Christophe Massard and Karim Fizazi Contents xi Part III New Tools for Steroid Receptor Analysis and Regulatory Networks Quantitative Visualization of Sex Steroid Receptor Functions: AR and ERa ........................................... 227 Michael J. Bolt, Sean M. Hartig, Adam T. Szafran, Sanjay N. Mediwala, Marco Marcelli and Michael A. Mancini Micropatterned Surfaces as Tools for the Study of the Rapid Non-genomic Actions of Steroid Receptors ..................... 253 Andrew C. B. Cato, Emmanuel Oppong and Sylwia Sekula-Neuner Index ................................................ 267 wwwwwww Contributors Rebecca A. Alyea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 -0645, USA, e-mail: [email protected] Ferdinando Auricchio Dipartimento di Patologia Generale-II Università di Napoli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy,e-mail: ferdinando.auricchio@ unina2.it Elisabetta Baldi Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Andrology Unit and Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy, e-mail: [email protected]fi.it Cecilia Ballaré Chromatin and Gene Expression Laboratory, Gene Regulation Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Barcelona, Spain, e-mail: [email protected] Anannya Banga Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555 -0645, USA, e-mail: banga007@ umn.edu Silvère Baron Génétique des Eucaryotes et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, UMR 6547 CNRS, Equipe Physiologie Comparée et Endocrinologie Moléculaire, Uni- versité Blaise Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 24, Avenue des Landais, 80026, 63171, Aubiere Cedex, France, e-mail: [email protected] Miguel Beato Chromatin and Gene Expression Laboratory, Gene Regulation Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Barcelona, Spain, e-mail: [email protected] Antonino Belfiore Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy, e-mail: belfi[email protected] Antonio Bilancio Dipartimento di Patologia Generale-II Università di Napoli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] xiii xiv Contributors Michael J. Bolt Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, e-mail: [email protected] Lorella Bonaccorsi Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Andrology Unit and Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DeNothe, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy, e-mail: lorella.bonaccorsi@unifi.it Giancarlo Castellano Chromatin and Gene Expression Laboratory, Gene Regu- lation Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Barcelona, Spain, e-mail: [email protected] Gabriella Castoria Dipartimento di Patologia Generale-II Università di Napoli, Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Andrew C.B. Cato Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] C. Chang Department of Urology and Pathology, George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, e-mail: chang@ urmc.rochester.edu Laura Corbo Equipe Labellisée ‘‘La Ligue’’, U590 INSERM, Centre Léon Bér- ard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France, Université de Lyon 1, ISPB and IFR62, , 69003, Lyon, France, e-mail: [email protected]