Changing World, Changing Views of Heritage: heritage and social change Proceedings of the ICOMOS Scientific Symposium Dublin Castle 30 October 2010 Dublin, Ireland ICOMOS International Secretariat, 49-51 rue de la Fédération, F-75015 Paris - France © ICOMOS, 2012 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-2-918086-04-8 Symposium Working Group Pamela Jerome, Scientific Council Officer, ISCEAH Vice President, ISC20C Neil Silberman, Chair, ICIP President Sofia Avgerinou-Kolonias, CIVVIH Acting President, CIIC Secretary General Sheridan Burke, ISC20C President Douglas Comer, ICAHM Co-President Peter Cox, ICOMOS Ireland Vice President Milagros Flores, ICOFORT President Jaroslaw Kilián, CIF Vice President James Reap, ICLAFI former President Grellan Rourke, ICOMOS Ireland President Boguslaw Szmygin, ISCTC Secretary General Symposium Editorial Committee Susan Duyker, ICOMOS Australia Robyn Riddett, ICORP Sue Jackson-Stepowski, ICSBH Vice President, CIVVIH Editor Elene Negussie, ICOMOS Ireland, CIVVIH Co-ordination and layout Bernadette Bertel-Rault, ICOMOS International Secretariat Gaia Jungeblodt, ICOMOS International Secretariat Host National Committee ICOMOS Ireland Symposium sponsors BAM Contractors Bank of Ireland Bord Gáis Networks Buto CRH Dell Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government Dublin City Council Fáilte Ireland Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany Embassy of France Embassy of Switzerland Embassy of the United States of America PUNCH Consulting Engineers Railway Procurement Agency The Heritage Council The Office of Public Works Treasury Holdings Disclaimer Photos and images presented in the texts are the copyrights of the authors unless otherwise indicated. The opinions expressed in the articles do not commit ICOMOS in any way and are the sole responsibility of their authors. Cover photo (front) Skellig Michael, World Heritage Site, Ireland, © Tiantom Jarutat Church of Saint Giorgis, Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela, World Heritage Site, Ethiopia Jongmyo Park, Seoul, Korea Maximilian Tower, Poland Urban Lanscape of Seul, Korea Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Australia Foreword Gustavo Araoz, President, ICOMOS It is my pleasure to introduce to our membership and to the international cultural heritage community the proceedings of the third and final stage of the program adopted by the Scientific Council of ICOMOS to gain and disseminate a greater understanding of the profound effects that rapid global changes are having on the role that cultural heritage plays in contemporary society and on the ways in which the specialized heritage community can give it the best protection. Over the past years, the program looked at the effects of the increasing rates of change in climate and technology, culminating with this focus on the acceleration of social change. As communities throughout the world have come to recognize the importance of their cultural heritage, a number of unexpected results have arisen which demand our close analysis. These include the emergence of new heritage categories, a growing convergence of intangible and tangible heritage, and an increasing demand for traditional conservation specialists to share our decision- making authority with those individuals and groups that have strong links to a particular heritage site. The tasks of conservation are further complicated by the phenomena of cultural and economic globalization, explosive urbanization, broad and diasporic movements, the uneven distribution of resources, and the growing influence of civil society that are explored in this volume. The proceedings of this symposium along with those of the previous two, constitute an important contribution that sheds new light on all these issues and gives us a solid orientation on the tools that need to be developed to protect the cultural heritage in the 21st century. This third symposium, organized to coincide with the 2010 Advisory Committee Meeting of ICOMOS was held in Dublin Castle, under the able and generous auspices of the Irish National Committee of ICOMOS and numerous Irish Government agencies, professional institutions and the sponsors. The extraordinary support provided by the superb team of ICOMOS Ireland, and in particular that of Grellan Rourke, Peter Cox and Elene Negussie who secured the success of our work in Dublin deserves special recognition. Our gratitude also goes to Pamela Jerome and Neil Silberman for the intellectual conceptualization and organization of the symposium. Table of contents Foreword Gustavo Araoz, President, ICOMOS 3 Introduction Pamela Jerome, Scientific Council Officer, ICOMOS 5 Neil Silberman, Symposium Chair, ICOMOS Opening speeches Mary McAleese, President of Ireland 7 Ciarán Cuffe, Minister of State for Sustainable Transport, 9 Horticulture, Planning and Heritage Selected papers Protecting Kraków’s heritage through the power of social networking 11 Monika Bogdanowska, ICOMOS Poland Martin Taylor, Tsirus UK Limited, United Kingdom Excavating globalisation from the ruins of colonialism: 18 archaeological heritage management responses to cultural change Tracy Ireland, Australia ICOMOS, ICAHM The long and winding road: a challenge to ICOMOS members 29 Sheridan Burke, Australia ICOMOS, ISC20C President Sense of place in changing communities: the plurality of heritage values 37 Stephanie K. Hawke, Ph.D., Newcastle University, United Kingdom Dublin docklands: the urban fabric as cultural heritage 45 Agustina Martire, Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom Heritage conservation as urban regeneration policy in globalizing 56 cities: social exclusion and gentrification at the vicinity of the Jongmyo World Heritage site in Seoul, Korea Hee Kyoung Yeo, Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea Sung Mi Han, Seoul National University, Korea Grosse Île and Boulevard Saint-Laurent 63 Marc de Caraffe, ICOMOS Canada, CIAV President Rural agricultural heritage and landscape in country-city migrations: 69 the utopia of ‘development’ Juan de Orellana, ICOMOS Peru, ISCCL, ICIH Rossana Miranda, Colegio de Arquitectos del Perú Conserving the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela as a World Heritage 76 site: a case for international support and local participation Elene Negussie, ICOMOS Ireland, CIVVIH Heritage and social change: anticipating future trends 82 Diane Barthel-Bouchier, US/ICOMOS Concluding synthesis Summaries of breakout sessions and recommendations 87 Pamela Jerome, Scientific Council Officer, ICOMOS Neil Silberman, Symposium Chair, ICOMOS Contributed poster presentations 91 Introduction Pamela Jerome, Scientific Council Officer, ICOMOS Neil Silberman, Symposium Chair, ICOMOS This symposium, third in a series of events organized by significant impacts on both the form and significance of the ICOMOS Scientific Council, was held on Saturday 30 heritage. October 2010 at Dublin Castle, in connection with the annual ICOMOS Advisory Committee Meeting. This Indeed, the relationship between Heritage and Social symposium was part of a multi-year program of inter- Change (SoCh) lies at the heart of some of the most disciplinary research on Global Climate Change and its important intellectual and professional paradigms now effects on cultural heritage. The first of these, held at the emerging in the heritage world. The goal of the Dublin Advisory Committee Meeting in Pretoria in 2007, dealt symposium was thus to explore the impacts of social directly with the issue of ‘Heritage and Climate Change’. change on heritage policy and practice and to assess The Advisory Committee subsequently approved the their implications for the future of the field. continuation of this symposium series, with the theme of ‘Heritage and Technological Change’ examined at the Format and themes symposium held at the Advisory Committee Meeting in Valletta, Malta on 7 October 2009, and the theme of The Dublin symposium, based on the Pretoria and ‘Heritage and Social Change’ addressed in Dublin in Valletta models, began with a morning plenary session, 2010. open to the general public, during which a series of papers (selected by a double-blind peer review process) The three ‘change’ themes were chosen to focus were presented, dealing with the following four major scholarly and professional attention on the challenges symposium themes. Each theme represents a difficult, ICOMOS now faces, as highlighted in ICOMOS President challenging, or contentious issue for contemporary Gustavo Araoz’s ‘Tolerance for Change’ online forum and heritage professionals, who are for the most part trained the activities of a number of individual International in documentation and conservation, rather than social Scientific Committees (ISC), including the Committee for change. Yet each of the themes raises a number of the Theory and Philosophy of Conservation. questions that directly affect the conduct of heritage practice in evolving societies throughout the world. The reason for this concern with change is clear. The 21st century has already witnessed far-reaching political, The heritage of changing/evolving communities economic and cultural transformations of industrialization, - To what extent do traditional heritage conservation urbanization, mass migration, regional fragmentation, and management practices retard or accelerate other ethnic tensions, and the fluctuations of transnational social processes? markets that transcend national and cultural boundaries. - How can heritage ‘sustainability’ be defined in social No country or continent has remained unaffected by the terms? Does World Heritage site inscription create globalizing