TAURANGA MOANA DESIGN PRINCIPLES Objective of the Principles The key objective of the Principles is to enhance the protection, re-instatement, development and articulation of mana whenua cultural landscapes enabling all of us (mana whenua, mataawaka, tauiwi and manuhiri) to connect to and deepen our ‘sense of place’. The Ministry for the Environment published the New Zealand Urban Design Protocol (UDP) in March 2005. It was recognised that a clear Māori voice and meaningful involvement in the creation of the UDP had been absent, and that the process undertaken in the development of the protocols did not adequately engage with Māori interests. A Hui of Māori professionals working across the design disciplines, the resource management sector and representatives of iwi/hapū organisations from across Aotearoa/New Zealand gathered first at Waitākere in June 2006 and then in November the same year at Te Aranga Marae in Flaxmere. This Hui discussed and formulated a draft National Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy. The resultant Te Aranga Māori Cultural Landscape Strategy represented the first concerted and cohesive effort by Māori to articulate Māori interests and design aspirations in the built environment. Whilst this forum was originally convened to discuss the challenges faced by Māori in the urban realm, it was clearly expressed that hapū and iwi rohe encompass all parts of the physical environment and that the term 'urban design' did not resonate with a connected Māori worldview. This fundamental position resulted in the adoption of the term 'Māori cultural landscape' as embracing the landscape in its widest form. "As Māori we have a unique sense of our cultural landscapes. It includes past present and future. It includes both physical and spiritual dimensions. It is how we express ourselves in our environments, it connects whānau, whenua, awa and moana through whakapapa, it includes both urban and rural, it is not just where we live it is who we are." (Te Aranga Maori Cultural Landscape Strategy 2006: www.tearanga.maori.nz) A set of seven outcome-oriented design principles emerged from the foundation work of Te Aranga and other projects, including Kaitiakitanga o ngā ngahere pōhatu: Kaitiakitanga of urban settlements (2011), a report commissioned by the Ministry of Science and Innovation that builds on a growing body of research and represents the most comprehensive research completed to date. The report identifies key elements of Mātauranga Māori that can be incorporated into urban planning to allow Māori aspirations to be fulfilled, while also complementing and improving existing urban planning practices. 4 The Principles seek to foster and guide both culturally appropriate design processes and design responses that enhance all of our appreciation of the natural, landscape and built environment. The Principles are intended as an enabling strategic foundation for iwi/hapū to adopt, customise and further develop in response to local context. The principles also provide other stakeholders and the design community with a clearer picture as to how iwi/hapū are likely to view, value and wish to participate in the design and development of the public space within their ancestral rohe. The use of the Principles is based on the development of high quality durable relationships being developed between iwi/hapū, their mandated design professionals and local and central government. Robust relationships between these groups provide opportunities for unlocking a rich store of design potential. The Tauranga Moana Design Principles have been further refined through meetings with mana whenua and it is envisaged that Iwi inputs to the Principles will be ongoing. Case studies have continued to reveal that existing mainstream urban design approaches and guidelines (e.g. New Zealand Urban Design Protocol) are insufficient in ensuring enhanced environmental outcomes for mana whenua. 5 The Core Māori Values Core Māori values have informed the development of earlier Māori design principles (Te Aranga Māori Design principles). These process-oriented principles have provided the foundation for, and underpin the application of, the outcome-oriented Tauranga Moana Design Principles. 1. Rangatiratanga: The right to exercise authority and self-determination within one’s own iwi / hapū realm. 2. Kaitiakitanga: Managing and conserving the environment as part of a reciprocal relationship, based on the Māori world view that we as humans are part of the natural world. 3. Manaakitanga: The ethic of holistic hospitality whereby mana whenua have inherited obligations to be the best hosts they can be. 4. Wairuatanga: The immutable spiritual connection between people and their environments. 5. Kotahitanga: Unity, cohesion and collaboration. 6. Whanaungatanga: A relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging. 7. Mātauranga: Māori/mana whenua knowledge and understanding. 6 These core Māori values are seen as underpinning and guiding the application of the seven Tauranga Moana Design Principles. Once agreed upon by all parties involved, the Tauranga Moana Design Principles will be incorporated into the Tauranga City Centre Spatial Framework 2017 to guide further development in the Te Papa peninsula public realm. 7 Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1. Mana Rangatiratanga/Ahikāroa: Authority Tauranga on 10 April 1840 at The Elms Outcome: The status of iwi and hapū (Ngāi Tamarawaho, Ngāti Tapu and Ngāi Tukairangi) as Mana whenua on the Te Papa peninsula is recognised and respected. Hapū will continue to debate which existing or old hapū have status on Te Papa. Attributes: • Recognises Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi and the Wai 262 Ko Aotearoa Tēnei framework for Treaty Partnerships in 21st Century Aotearoa New Zealand as the basis for all relationships pertaining development. • Provides a platform for working relationships where mana whenua values, worldviews, tikanga, cultural narratives and visual identity can be appropriately expressed in the design environment. • High quality Treaty based relationships are fundamental to the application of the other Tauranga Moana Design Principles. Application: • The development of high-level Treaty based relationships with mana whenua is essential prior to progressing design approaches and will maximise the opportunities for design outcomes. • It is important to identify any primary Mana whenua groups as well as wider mana whenua interests in any given development. \ Te Kahui Matariki by James Tapiata are located on the northern end of The Strand, Tauranga 2. Whakapapa: Names & Naming Outcome: Māori names are celebrated and reinstall pride. Attributes: • Recognises and celebrates the significance of mana whenua ancestral names. • Recognises ancestral names as entry points for exploring and honouring tūpuna, historical narratives and customary practises associated with development sites and their ability to enhance sense of place connections. • While it may take some time for residents and visitors to get used to new names, name changes also ensure that the whakapapa of culturally significant sites is better understood, and the history of the site is valued and respected. • Where new names are to be developed for streets, laneways, public art etc. a recognised process is established with Mana whenua. Application: • Mana whenua consultation and research on the use of correct ancestral names, including macrons. • Recognition of traditional place names through signage and wayfinding. • Use of Pou and other Mana whenua marking devices to display ancestral connections to the whenua and moana. • Use of appropriate names (whether existing or yet-to-be- created names) to inform design processes. • Follow the Tauranga City Council Naming of Streets, Reserves and Council Facilities Policy (see Attachment 1) 9 Pohutukawa on Tauranga Waterfront framing a view to 3. Taiao: The Natural Environment Mauao Outcome: The natural environment is protected, restored and/or enhanced Attributes: • Sustains and enhances the natural environment. • Local flora and fauna which are familiar and significant to mana whenua are key natural landscape elements within urban and/or modified areas • Natural environments are protected, restored or enhanced to levels where sustainable mana whenua harvesting is possible. • Achieves a wider overall cultural and environmental outcome that might otherwise not have been achieved without the development occurring. • Recognise atua: Ranginui, Papatūānuku, Tangaroa, Tane-mahuta Tāwhirimātea, Tūmatauenga, Rongo, Haumia-tiketike, Urutengangana, Ruaumoko etc. and their interconnections. Application: • Re-establishment of local biodiversity. • Creating and connecting ecological corridors • Planting of appropriate local indigenous flora in public places. • Strategies to encourage native planting in private spaces. • From volunteered local Mana whenua narratives develop a native plant inventory to draw from when developing detailed streetscape and landscape design and planting plans. • Selection of plant and tree species as science/seasonal markers and attractors of native bird life. E.g. watercress planted in streams is edible when water is healthy. • Establishment and management of traditional food and cultural resource areas allowing for active kaitiakitanga. • Use of the Tauranga City Centre Spatial Framework 2017, Green Necklace 10 (Korowai Taiao?) reserves (e.g. Aspen Reserve/ waterfront etc.) and streets (e.g. Elizabeth