© Indian Society of Arachnology ISSN 2278-1587(Online) PRECINCTIVE SPIDER SPECIES IN INDIA. Priyanka Hadole, S. Kamble*, S. Manthen* and A. Bodkhe*, Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati-444602. [email protected] *J. D. Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalaya, Daryapur, India. corrosponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper contains a systematic list of species and the literature references of the spiders precinctive in India. Spiders from 58 families, 340 genera and 1238 species are precinctive in India. However, there is an urgent need to revise all these species. Key words: Precinctive spiders, India INTRODUCTION The first information on the precinctive spider fauna of India came from the female specimen of Oxyopes indicus (Walckenaer, 1805). Thereafter, the work of Sundevall (1833); Walckenaer (1841); Blackwall (1864, 1867); Simon (1864, 1885, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1892, 1893, 1895, 1897, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1905, 1906); Frauenfeld (1867); Thorell (1868, 1891); Stoliczka (1869) O. P.-Cambridge (1870, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1877, 1885 , 1890, 1892, 1896); Butler (1873); Wood Mason (1877); Keyserling (1890); Walsh, (1891); Peckham & Peckham (1895); Pocock (1895, 1899, 1900, 1901); Leardi (1901, 1902); Strand (1907, 1912); Hirst (1909); Narayan (1915) Gravely (1915, 1921, 1924, 1927, 1931, 1935); Chamberlin (1917); Hogg (1922), Hingston (1927); Sherriffs (1927); Mukerjee (1930); Reimoser (1934); Caporiacco (1934, 1935); Bhattacharya (1935); Roewer (1942) and Fage (1946) initiated the spider research during British India. These workers reported 408 spider species from India which are endemic to India. Later on, spider research was geared up in India from 1962 by the work of Tikader (1960-1991), Gajbe (1975-2008), Biswas (1984-2004) and Patel (1972-2005) who reported more than 500 spider species precinctive in India. Siliwal and co-workers (2005-2015) reported 21 Mygalomorphs endemic to India. In addition to the Indian workers, large number of arachnologists outside India have also reported spiders precinctive in modern India. Prominent among them are Prószyński, Platnick , Jäger, Peckham & Peckham, Huber & Baehr. This paper lists the records of precinctive spiders from India along with related literature. Precinctive is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. This contribution is the result of a critical revision of all data available on world spider catalog for the precinctive spiders in India. RESULTS Precinctive spiders in India comprises of 1238 species from 58 families and 340 genera. The most characteristic families are Thomisidae, Salticidae and Gnaphosidae containing 11.66%, 11.50% 10.51% precinctive species respectively among the total 1238 precinctive known spider species in India. Table-1 gives the family wise list of data of precinctive spider July 2015, Indian Journal of Arachnology, 4(1)........................................................................064 Precinctive spider species of India...........................Hadole, Kamble, Manthen and Bodkhe species in India. taking in to consideration the total diversity of all spider species (1698) from India the present finding of precinctive species is almost 72.9%. This appears to be very high endemism. The genus Zelotes Gistel, 1948 is the most numerous and can be regarded as a faunistic phenomenon since from all 28 species established in India, are endemics, distributed mainly on the ground below the stones. Astonishingly, females of 27 species out of 28 are known. Only male of Z. pexus (Simon, 1885) is on record. Other examples are Marpissa C. L. Koch, 1846 17 species out of 17; Ozyptila Simon, 1864 9 species out of all 9; Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805 41species out of 45; Miagrammopes O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 all 9 out of 9; Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846 7 species out of 8; Tibellus Simon, 1875 7 out of 8; Uloborus Latreille, 1806 9 species out of 10 and ThanatusC. L. Koch, 1837 8 species out of 10 are precinctive. Family- Agelenidae C.L.koch, 1837 Genus: Agelena Walckenaer, 1805 Agelena barunae Tikader, 1970 (Female is known) Agelena gautami Tikader, 1962 (Both Male and Female are known) Agelena inda Simon, 1897 (Both Male and Female are known) Agelena oaklandensis Barman, 1979 (Both Male and Female are known) Agelena satmila Tikader, 1970 (Female is known) Agelena shillongensis Tikader, 1969 (Both Male and Female are known) Genus: Tegenaria Latreille, 1804 Tegenaria comstocki Gajbe, 2004 (Female is known) Tegenaria hemanginiae Reddy & Patel, 1992 (Both Male and Female are known) Tegenaria shillongensis Barman, 1979 (Both Male and Female are known) Family- Amaurobiidae Thorell, 1870 Genus: Amaurobius C. L. Koch, 1837 Amaurobius koponeni Marusik, Ballarin & Omelko, 2012 (Male is known) Genus: Himalmartensus Wang & Zhu, 2008 Himalmartensus mussooriensis (Biswas & Roy, 2008) (Female is known) Family: Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878 Genus: Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833 Anyphaena soricina Simon, 1889 (Female is known) Family: Araneidae Clarck, 1757 Genus: Arachnura Vinson, 1863 Arachnura angura Tikader, 1970 (Female is known) Genus: Araneus Clerck, 1757 Araneus altitudinum Caporiacco, 1934 Karakorum (Female is known) Araneus anantnagensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 (Female is known) Araneus bastarensis Gajbe, 2005 (Female is known) Araneus bilunifer Pocock, 1900 (Female is known) Araneus boerneri (Strand, 1907) (Both Male and Female are known) Araneus boerneri clavimaculus (Strand, 1907) (Female is known) Araneus boerneri obscurellus (Strand, 1907) (Female is known) Araneus himalayanus (Simon, 1889) (Female is known) Araneus hirsutulus (Stoliczka, 1869) (Female is known) July 2015, Indian Journal of Arachnology, 4(1)........................................................................065 Precinctive spider species of India............................Hadole, Kamble, Manthen and Bodkhe Araneus liber (Leardi, 1902) (Female is known) Araneus minutalis (Simon, 1889) (Female is known) Araneus obscurissimus Caporiacco, 1934 (Both Male and Female are known) Araneus panchganiensis Tikader & Bal, 1981 (Female is known) Araneus pontii Caporiacco, 1934 (Both Male and Female are known) Araneus sponsus (Thorell, 1887) (Female is known) Araneus viridisomus Gravely, 1921 (Both Male and Female are known) Genus: Cercidia Thorell, 1969 Cercidia punctigera Simon, 1889 (Both Male and Female are known) Genus: Chorizopes O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 Chorizopes anjanes Tikader, 1965 (Female is known) Chorizopes calciope (Simon, 1895) (Both Male and Female are known) Chorizopes congener O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 (Female is known) Chorizopes kastoni Gajbe & Gajbe, 2004 (Female is known) Chorizopes khandaricus Gajbe, 2005 (Female is known) Chorizopes khedaensis Reddy & Patel, 1993 (Female is known) Chorizopes pateli Reddy & Patel, 1993 (Female is known) Chorizopes quadrituberculata Roy et al., 2014 (Both Male and Female are known) Chorizopes stoliczkae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 (Female is known) Chorizopes tikaderi Sadana & Kaur, 1974 (Female is known) Genus: Cyclosa Menge, 1866 Cyclosa bilobata Sen et al., 2012 (Both Male and Female are known) Cyclosa gossypiata Keswani, 2013 (Female is known) Cyclosa kashmirica Caporiacco, 1934 (Female is known) Cyclosa moonduensis Tikader, 1963 (Female is known) Cyclosa oatesi (Thorell, 1892) (Both Male and Female are known) Cyclosa neilensis Tikader, 1977 (Both Male and Female are known) Cyclosa purnai Keswani, 2013 (Female is known) Cyclosa simoni Tikader, 1982 (Female is known) Cyclosa tuberascens Simon, 1906 (Female is known) Genus: Cyrtarachne Thorell, 1868 Cyrtarachne avimerdaria Tikader, 1963 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne biswamoyi Tikader, 1961 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne gravelyi Tikader, 1961 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne keralensis Jose, 2011 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne promilai Tikader, 1963 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne schmidi Tikader, 1963 (Female is known) Cyrtarachne sundari Tikader, 1963 (Female is known) Genus: Cyrtophora Simon, 1864 Cyrtophora bidenta Tikader, 1970 (Female is known) Cyrtophora jabalpurensis Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 (Female is known) Cyrtophora ksudra Sherriffs, 1928 (Female is known) Genus: Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833 Gasteracantha sororna Butler, 1873 (Female is known) Genus: Larinia Simon, 1874 Larinia bharatae Bhandari & Gajbe, 2001 (Male is known) Larinia emertoni Gajbe & Gajbe, 2004 (Female is known) July 2015, Indian Journal of Arachnology, 4(1)........................................................................066 Precinctive spider species of India............................Hadole, Kamble, Manthen and Bodkhe Larinia jaysankari Biswas, 1984 (Female is known) Larinia kanpurae Patel & Nigam, 1994 (Female is known) Larinia mandlaensis Gajbe, 2005 (Female is known) Larinia teiraensis Biswas & Biswas, 2007 (Female is known) Larinia tyloridia Patel, 1975 (Both Male and Female are known) Genus: Neoscona Simon, 1864 Neoscona bihumpi Patel, 1988 (Both Male and Female are known) Neoscona biswasi Bhandari & Gajbe, 2001 (Female is known) Neoscona bomdilaensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 (Female is known) Neoscona dhruvai Patel & Nigam, 1994 (Female is known) Neoscona dhumani Patel & Reddy, 1993 (Both Male and Female are known) Neoscona dyali Gajbe, 2004 (Female is known) Neoscona murthyi Patel & Reddy, 1990 (Female is known) Neoscona odites (Simon, 1906) (Female is known) Neoscona parambikulamensis Patel, 2003 (Female is known) Neoscona platnicki Gajbe & Gajbe, 2001 (Female is known) Neoscona raydakensis