Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library 111~IIIIIIIIIIIIIDllllllllmllllllll GlPE-PUNE-OO 1667 THE HISTORY OF ROM~ THE HISTORY OF ROME BY THEODOR MOMMSEN TRANSLATED WITH THE AUTHOR'S_SANCTION AND ADDITIONS BY WILLIAM P. DICKSON, D.D., LLD. PROFBSSOR OP DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW THE PROVINCES, FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN PART II WITH TWO MAPS BY PROFESSOR KIEPERT LONDON RICHARD BENTLEY & SON, NEW BURLINGTON STREET 'lPublifbetS in ®rlJina~ to }!let :majelitp the Qunn 1886 THE PRO·VINCES OF THE. ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CAESAR'TO DIOCLETIAN BY THEODOR MOMMSEN TRANSLATED WITH THE AUTHOR'S SANCTION AND ADDITIONS BY WILLIAM P. DICKSON, D.D., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW VOL. II WITH TWO MAFS BY PROFESSOR KIEPERT LONDON RICHARD BENTLEY & SON, NEW, BURLINGTON STREET ~ubIisbers in ®rlJinaQ! to 1!!n £l!lajrstl! tbe Quem 1886 CONTENTS BOOK EIG;HTH THE PROVINCES AND PEOPLE, FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN PAGE CHAPTER IX. THE EUPHRA'1;ES FRONTIER AND THE PARTH.IANS I CHAPTER X. SYRIA AND THE LAND OF THE NABATAEANS II6 CHAPTER XI. JUDAEA AND THE JEWS 160 CHAPTER XII. EGYPT CHAPTER XIII. THE AFRICAN PROVINCES INDEX 347 INDEX ABDAGAESES, ii. 44. number of towns, 33x n.; Italian Abgarus, of Edessa, ii. 46 (under colonists, 332; large landed estates, Claudius), 68 (under Trajan), 78 333 f.; husbandry, 336; com sup­ (under Severus). plied to Rome, 337; oil and wine, Abrinca, rivulet, i. II9 n. 337 f.; manufactures and commerce; Achaeans, diet, i. 264. 338 f.; prosperity, 339; roads, 339 Acbaemenids, dynasty, ii. 2, 3, zo; f.; introduction of camels, 340; C'seven houses. " 6. character and culture of people, 340 Achaia, province, i. 255 f. n.; under f.; scholasticism, 342; Christian the emperors, 260. literature, 343-34~; Latin Scriptures, Acraephia, inscription, i. 265 n., 273 n. 343 f. no Actiads, i. 296 n. Agonistic institutes, i. 289 n. Actian games, i. 296 n. Agonot!t.esia, i. 347 n .. 348 n. Adane, ii. 288 f. ; destroyed, 293 f. n. Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, i. 182-184, Adiabene, ii. 68, 78 n., 88. z94- Adiabenicus, ii. 78 n. Agrippa; see Herod Agrippa. Adminius, i. z74. Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, in command on Adrianopolis, i. 307. the Danube, i. 22; transference of AduIis, ii. 280, 28z, 282, 296. Ubii, . 25; combats in Gaul, 80. Aedemon, ii. 313. Agrippa, Marcus Fonteius, i. 218. Aepum, diet of, ii. 264 n. Agrippina (Cologne), i. II9. Aeizanas, ii. 284 n. Ahenobarbus, Lucius Domitius, expedi- Aelana, ii. 288. tion to Elbe, i. 3x; dyke between Aemilianus, Marcus Aemili1lS, i. 24I. Ems and Lower Rhine, 34. Aemilianus, Egyptian tyrant, ii. 25I. Ahuramazda, ii. IO f., 84. Aethiopia and Aethiopians, ii. 275-278 ; Alamanni, war with, i. x6x f., x63; traffic, 278. raids, 166 f. Afer, ii. 304 n. Alani, ii. 6i n., 64, 73, 74 n. Africa, North, ii. 303; Berber stock, A1bani, ii. 72 f. 303-305; Phoenician immigration, Alexander the Great, basing his empire 306 ; government of republic, 306 f. ; on towns, not on tribes, ii. 120. Caesar's policy, 307 f.; extent of Alexander II. of Egypt, testament, ii. Roman rule, 308 f.; no strict frontier, 232 • 309; province of, 3IO; two Maure­ Alexander, son of Cleopatra, ii. 24, 25, tanian kingdoms, 3IO f.; physical 26; installed king of Armenia, 33. conformation, 314; Africano-Numid­ Alexander Severus, purchases peace in ian territory, 316 f.; war against Germany, i. r62; murder, r62; Tacfarinas and later conflicts, 317- ii. 9I; character, 89 f.; war with 320; Roman civilisation in Maure­ Ardashir, 90 n.; nicknamed .. chief tania, 320 f.; continuance of Berber Rabbi," 263. language, 325 f.; of Phoenician, 326 Alexander of Abonoteichos, i. 350. f.; coinage, 327 n.; Latin language, Alexander, Tiberius Julius, ii. 168, 204, 329; Phoenician urban organisation, 242 n., 246 n. 329; transformed into Italian, 331 ; Alexandria, in Egypt, under the Pal-· INDEX. myrenes, ii. 107, .xoS 11. , 250; num­ tomb of, 125; his buildings at Athens, ber and position of Jews, 16S n., 200 i.278• n., 267; Jew-hunt, 192, 193 n.; de­ Antiochus Epiphanes, ii. 196. putations to Gaius, 193 f.; •• Greek Antoninus Pius: wall from Forth to city." 23S f.; chief priest of, 238; Clyde, i. 187 n.; conflicts in Britain exemptions and privileges, 240 n.; under, 188 n. libraries, '246, 271; chief officials. Antonius, Marcus, ii. 22 f.; position in 248 n.; distribution of com, 2S1 no ; 38 B. c., 23 f.; his army, 24; his Italian, settlement in, 2S7 ; mariners' aims, 24 f.; children by Cleopatra, guilds, 257 n.; comparison with 26 n. ; preparations for Parthian war, Antioch, 262; Alexandrian Fronde, 26 f.; temperament, 27; Parthian 263; nicknames, 263; tumults fre· war, 27 f.; resistance in Atropatene, quent and serious, 264 n., 265; wor­ 29; retreat, 30. 3 I; last years in ship, 265 f., 266 n.; old cultus the East, 32 ; dismisses Octavia seek­ retaining its hold, 267 ; learned world, ing reconciliation, 33 ; punishes those 267 f.; physicians and quacks, 268 ; blamed for his miscarriage, 33; at­ scholar-life, 269 f.; Museum, 271 f., tempt on Palmyra, 93; government 272; labours of erudition, 271 f.; in Alexandria. 232. fI jointure U of Greek. science, 273: Antipater the Idumaean, ii. 174-177. camp in suburb of Nicopolis, 274- Apamea in Phrygia, i. 327. Alexandria, in Troas, i. 326 f. Apamea in Syria. ii. 136, 141. Alexandropolis. ii. IS. Aper. Marcus, i. II3. Aliso, fortress, i. 34 f., 36; defence by Apharhan, ii. II4. Caedicius, 48. Apion, ii. 193, 194 n. Allegorical interpretation. Jewish, ii. Apocalypse of John: conception of 168 f. Roman and Parthian empires as AlIobroges. i. 87, 88 n., 91. standing side by side, it I n.; pseudo­ Alps, subjugation, i. IS'; military dis- Nero of. 64 f. ; directed against the tricts, 17 f.; roads and colonies, 19. worship of the emperors, 196, 197- Amasia, i. 331. 199 n. AmAzigh. ii, 303. Apollinaris. Gaius Sulpicius, ii. 342. Ambubaia, ii. 133. Apollo, Actian, i. 295 f. Amida, ii. IIS. Apollonia, i. 201 f.; 299. Amisus, i. 331 f. Apollonius of Tyana, i. 350. Amphictiony remodelled by Augustus, Appian, historian, ii. 221 f., 223. i. 254 n., 255 n. Appuleius of Madaura, ii. 341, 342. Amsivarii, i. 124. Appuleius, Pseudo·, Dialogue of the gods Amyntas, i. 335 n.; ii. 24, 37. quoted, ii. 266 n. Ananias, ii. 102 f. Apri. i. 306. Ancyra. i. 341 n.; 342 n. Apronius, Lucius, i. 125. Anthedon. ii. 210. Apulum, i. 228. Antigonea, ii. 127 n. Aquae Sextiae, i. 78, 81. Antigonus, son of Hyrcanus, ii. 175-178. Aquileia, i. 197 f., 231, 233. Antinoopolis, ii. 236, 237 n.,.297 n. Aquincum, i. 228; contra-Aquincum, Antioch, earthquake at, ii. 68; capture 249· by the Persians (260). 101, 132, and Aquitania, wars, i., 64. 80; coins, 79 by Aurelian, 109; creation of mon­ n. ; province, 88 ; cantons of, 96. archic policy, 127; capital of Syria. Arabia. ii. 13; Roman, what it in­ 127; Daphne, 128; water supply, cluded, 143 f.; institution of province and lighted streets, 129 n.; poverty by Trajan, 152; west coast of, 284 of intellectual interests, 130; paucity f.; Homerites, 286 f.; Felix, 285, of inscriptions. 132 ; exhibitions and 289; policy of Augustus, 290; expi­ games, 132 i races, 132 11. i immor.. dition of Gallus, 290 f.; state of the ality, 133; dissolute cultus, 134; coast, 291 n.; expedition of Gaius. fondness for ridicule, 134 f.; sup­ 293 n.; injury to its commerce, 293. port of pretenders, 134; reception Arachosia, ii. 13, IS. of, and capture by Nushirvan, 135 ; Aradus, ii. 138 n. Jew-hunt at, 219. Aramaic language. ii. 164- Antioch in Pisidia. i. 336 f. Arbela, ii. 4, 88. Antiochus of Commagene, ii. 49, <53 ; Archaism. Greek, i. 282 n. INDEX. 349 Arche\aus of Cappadocia, ii. 41. 343, 344 ... ; representatives, 344'" ; Archelaus. son of Herod the Great. ii. land·diets. and land festivals, 344 f. ; 183 f. provincial priests and Asiarchs, 345 Architecture. Syrian. ii. 156 f. f. ; superintendence of emperor-wo~ Ardashir (Artaxares). ii. 81 .... 83 .... ship, 348; system of religion, 350; 84. 85. 89 .... 91• public safety, 350; occupying force. Are\ate, i. 86. 89; amphitheatre. 106. 350 f. ; justice in. 352 ... ; constitu­ Aretas. ii. 148 .... 149 f ..... 150 f. tion of towns, 352 f.'; clubs. 353; Argentoratum. i. 119. 147. 159. free autonomous communities, 354; Ariarathes of Cappadocia. ii. 33. urban life. 354 f. ; prosperity, 354 f. ; AriobaIZanes. ii. 38. 39. defects of municipal administration. Aristobulus. of Chalcis. ii. 49. 357; roads. 358 ... ; trade, 359 f. ; Aristobulus. prince of Judaea. ii. 175 f. commerce. 360; supplies teachers Aristotle's recommendation to Alex- and physicians to Italy. 36x. 365; ander. ii. 241. literary activity. 369; instruction. Armenia, ii. 6. 19. 20. 33. 34. 35. 36. 362 ; sophistic system. 369-366. 40 t:; Parthian appanage for second Asia. Roman: extent of province. i. son. 51. 60 ; Roman policy as to. 50- 325; coast-towns. 325 f.; inland 52; subdued by Corbulo. 53 f.; under townships. 31!6 f.; position under Parthian prince vassal to Rome. 60 f. ; Romans. 327; urban rivalries. 3!19 Roman province under Trajan. 67 f•• f. ; legions in. ii. 63. 70 f.; becomes again vassaI-state. 72; Asiarchs. i. 345-347 ... Parthian invasion. 74 f.; 80 .... 89 f•• Asklepios, i. 350. 92, %02, 104, 11211.,113,114,,-.:r15". Asoka. ii. 13. 14'" Arminius. i. 43; defeat of Varus. 46 f.; Astarte. ii. 331. combats with Germanicus. 54; attack Astingi. i. !l37. on Maroboduus. 60 f.; desertion of Astures, i. 65. 71. Inguiomerus. 61; civil war and end. Asturica Augusta. i. 66. 69. Athens: privileged position. i. 1!54. Arnobius. ii. 345. 258; administration.