Historical Revie^Ar The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia COVER DESCRIPTION: In memory of former director Richard S. Brownlee II, the Executive Committee of the State Historical Society acquired this George Caleb Bingham por­ trait of Mrs. Jacob Fortney Wyan (Nancy Shanks). The canvas measures 30"x25" and was completed by Bingham in Boonville about 1839. The largest of three similar portraits of the subject, this version of a half-length figure is thought to be the original and was intended as a companion to a Bingham portrait of her husband, Jacob Fortney Wyan. Nancy Shanks Wyan was born in Greenbrier County, Virginia, on July 16, 1791. She moved with her family to Crab Orchard, Kentucky, and later became the third wife of Jacob Fortney Wyan. They moved to Boonville, Missouri, in 1820, where he became one of the town's earliest and most successful merchants. Mrs. Wyan, mother of a large family, outlived her husband by 40 years. She died in Boonville, October 30, 1882. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR LYNN WOLF GENTZLER ASSOCIATE EDITOR LEONA S. MORRIS RESEARCH ASSISTANT Copyright © 1990 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by The State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed Saturday during VOLUME LXXXIV the Memorial Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's weekends. NUMBER 4 On the day of the annual meeting, November 10, 1990, the Society will be closed for research. JULY, 1990 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1989-1992 ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia, President AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G.J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1990 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Webster Groves LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1991 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1992 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City RICHARD DECOSTER, Canton STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville DALTON C. WRIGHT, Lebanon BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Board of Trustees consists of one Trustee from each Congressional District of the State and fourteen Trustees elected at large. In addition to the elected Trustees, the President of the Society, the Vice Presidents of the Society, all former Presidents of the Society, and the ex officio members of the Society constitute the Board of Trustees. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight Trustees elected by the Board of Trustees together with the President of the Society constitute the Executive Committee. The Executive Director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS Thomas Hart Benton: Artist, Writer and Intellectual, edited by R. Douglas Hurt and Mary K. Dains, is a new book, published by the State Historical Society. It contains eight essays by noted authorities on the famous twentieth- century Missouri artist. The writers provide a fresh evalua­ tion on the life and work of the most controversial and important Regionalist in the history of American art. This handsomely produced book of 244 pages includes 84 illustra­ tions, a bibliography and an index. It will be an important addition to American art collections in all academic and public libraries. The price of this softback book is $22.95 postpaid. Historic Missouri: A Pictorial Narrative, the second edition of the popular history of Missouri, contains more than 300 illustrations, with eight pictures in full color. The book traces the story of Missouri's past from the prehistoric period to the late twentieth century. This 1988 softback book sells for $11.45 postpaid. My Road to Emeritus, by Elmer Ellis, presents an auto­ biographical account of the University of Missouri president, who held office from 1954 to 1966. Upon his retirement as president, Ellis reflected upon and wrote about his life and career. The book that resulted is educational and stimulating, and also enjoyable reading for anyone who knew Ellis as a scholar, teacher, administrator or friend. The new hardback book of 256 pages sells for $19.95 postpaid. To order these excellent volumes, send check or money order to: The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Columbia, Missouri 65201 EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be considered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manu­ scripts on PC/DOS, 360K floppy disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, preferably a Displaywrite 3 or 4 program. Otherwise, it must be in ASCII format. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accepted. Orig­ inality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation and style are criteria for acceptance and publica­ tion. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of The State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be pub­ lished elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly and The Journal of Ameri­ can History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be ad­ dressed to: Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 This number of the Missouri Historical Review is dedicated to the former director of the State Historical Society of Missouri, Richard S. Brownlee II (1918-1990). A noted Civil War historian, Dr. Brownlee served twenty-five years as director, secretary and librarian of the second largest specialized research library in the state of Missouri. CONTENTS RICHARD S. BROWNLEE II (1918-1990). By James W. Goodrich 375 MARIE TURNER HARVEY AND THE RURAL LIFE MOVEMENT. By Ruth Warner Towne 384 THE STRANGE STORY OF MAJOR GENERAL FRANZ SIGEL: LEADER AND RETREATER. By Lawrence E. Giffen, Sr 404 THEODORE PEASE RUSSELL: CONNECTICUT YANKEE TO MISSOURI JEFFERSONIAN. By Lynn Morrow 428 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS News in Brief 447 Local Historical Societies 451 Gifts 461 Missouri History in Newspapers 465 Missouri History in Magazines 476 In Memoriam 484 BOOK REVIEWS 487 BOOK NOTES 491 INDEX TO VOLUME LXXXIV 495 State Historical Society of Missouri Richard S. Brownlee II (1918-1990) BY JAMES W. GOODRICH* Richard S. Brownlee II, former director of the State Historical Society of Missouri, died February 14, 1990, in Columbia. He retired in 1985 after twenty-five years as director, secretary and librarian of the second largest specialized research library in the state. A fifth-genera­ tion member of a pioneer Missouri family, Brownlee was born at Brookfield, March 12, 1918, the son of Ellis C. and Mary Margaret (Shore) Brownlee. His growing up years in Brookfield found Brownlee, as he readily admitted, to be a mischievous young man. Those fortunate enough to hear him expound on his youthful adventures often doubled over with laughter from his recounting tales and pranks.