european school of administration The History and Stories behind European Integration «Where danger increases, so also do solutions» (Hölderlin) 1 Warsaw Rotterdam Hamburg Brest Henri-Chapelle (BE) 2 3 9 May 1950: The Schuman Declaration Paul van Zeeland, Joseph Bech, Joseph Meurice, Conte Carlo Sforza, Robert Schuman (F), Konrad Adenauer (BRD) Dirk Stikker, minister of Foreign Affairs (NL) Johannes van den Brink 18 April 1951 : Treaty of Paris 4 What does the ECSC flag look like? Joseph Bech (LU) Paul-Henri Spaak (BE) Jan Willem Beyen (NL) June 1955 : The Messina Conference 5 May 1956 : The Venice Conference June 1956 – March 1957 : Val-Duchesse (Brussels) 6 25 March 1957: Treaty establishing the EEC + Treaty establishing the EAEC (Euratom) Determined to lay the foundations of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, Resolved to ensure the economic and social progress of their countries by common action to eliminate the barriers which divide Europe, Affirming as the essential objective of their efforts the constant improvement of the living and working conditions of their peoples, Recognising that the removal of existing obstacles calls for concerted action in order to guarantee steady expansion, balanced trade and fair competition, Anxious to strengthen the unity of their economies and to ensure their harmonious development by reducing the differences existing between the various regions and the backwardness of the less favoured regions, Desiring to contribute, by means of a common commercial policy, to the progressive abolition of restrictions on international trade, Intending to confirm the solidarity which binds Europe and the overseas countries and desiring to ensure the development of their prosperity, in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Resolved by thus pooling their resources to preserve and strengthen peace and liberty, and calling upon the other peoples of Europe who share their ideal to join in their efforts (…) 7 8 June 1965 – January 1966 : the Empty Chair crisis 9 1969 – The Hague Summit Back row (left to right): Aldo Moro, Gaston Thorn, Maurice Schumann, Pierre Harmel, Joseph Luns, Walter Scheel. Front row (left to right): Mariano Rumor, Willy Brandt, Georges Pompidou, Piet de Jong, Gaston Eyskens, Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Pierre Werner 3 aspects: - Widening - Deepening including «extending cooperation into the foreign policy arena» - Completion stable financial arrangements (and making the Common Agricultural Policy sustainable) 10 1960 – EFTA: a different kind of Europe • European Free Trade Association (Stockholm Convention) • Signature : 4 January 1960 • Entry into force: 3 May 1960 • HQ: Geneva • Founding Members: Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, UK, Sweden and Switzerland • 1970 : Iceland • 1986 : Finland • 1991 : Liechtenstein • Current Members: . Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland 11 12 1979 – Cassis de Dijon case «a product manufactured in accordance with the regulations and permitted in one EU member state must be permitted in other EU member states.» Does the Court make law ? 1979 – Direct elections to the European Parliament Simone Veil 13 Georgios ZOITAKIS - Stylianos PATTAKOS – Georgios PAPADOPOULOS Francisco FRANCO Juan Carlos1er d’Espagne Felipe GONZALEZ 14 Antonio de Oliveira SALAZAR Mário SOARES 15 1985 – Jacques Delors « The time for talk has now passed. The time for action has come. […] Europe stands at the crossroads. We either go ahead - with resolution and determination - or we drop back into mediocrity.» 1986 – The Single European Act Objectives: - completion of the internal market - strengthening of European political cooperation 16 Missile SS-20 Afghanistan 1979 Mikhaïl S. GORBATCHEV – Raïssa M. TILORENKO Tchernobyl April 26 1986 17 16 June 1989 : Imre NAGY funeral 27 June 1989: Alois Mock (extreme left) and Gyula Horn 19 Août 1989 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime Minister of Poland Lech Wałęsa Wojciech Jaruzelski 18 9 November 1989 1993 – Treaty of Maastricht Entry into force : 1/11/1993 19 1995 : A new enlargement Austria « For the non-EC European states the Community's plans were, from the outset, not only somewhat irritating but also a challenge. A justified impression developed that failure to take part in this process might involve the danger of becoming isolated from the Community. These fears were further accentuated by the impressive calculations about the possible economic effects of the single market. » Wolfgang Schüssel 20 Sweden Olof Palme Ingvar Carlsson Finland - Suomi 21 2004 & 2007 : “The Big Bang” And now we are 28 22 2002 : The Convention 2004: Signature of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe 29 October 2004 23 2005 Treaty of Lisbon 24 25 .