Conifer Pest Growing Degree Day Table Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps larvae in mines, 245 - 360 250, 300, 350 150 - 260 150, 200, 250, 300 1st generation 500, 550, 600, 650, 500, 550, 600, 650, 2nd generation 533 - 700 533 - 700 Arborvitae leafminers Argyresthia spp. 700 700 1700, 1750, 1800, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1700 - 3rd generation 1850, 1900, 1950, 1800 - 2200 1950, 2000, 2050, 2100 2000, 2050, 2100 2100, 2150, 2200 Thyridopteryx 600, 650, 700, 750, Bagworm larvae 600 - 900 ephemeraeformis 800, 850, 900 adults laying eggs 150 - 300 150, 200, 250, 300 120 - 299 100, 150, 200, 250, Balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex galls apparent 550 - 700 550, 600, 650, 700 300 egg hatch 60 - 100 50, 100 Balsam twig aphid Mindarus abietinus stem mothers present 58 - 120 50, 100, 150 100 - 140 100, 150 (control target) 1st adults active 90 - 180 100, 150, 200 1st nymphs 120 - 190 100, 150, 200 90 - 150 100, 150 Cooley spruce gall (control target) Adelges cooleyi 1500, 1550, adelgid (Douglas fir) 600, 650, 700, 2nd nymphs 1600, 1650, 600 - 1000 750, 800, 850, 1500 - 1775 (control target) 1700, 1750, 900, 950, 1000 1800 1st adults active 25 - 120 50, 100, 150 22 - 92 50, 100 Cooley spruce gall (control target) Adelges cooleyi adelgid (Spruce) 1850, 1900, 1st galls visible 200 - 310 200, 250, 300 1850 - 1950 1950 1500, 1550, Cooley spruce gall 1600, 1650, Adelges cooleyi 2nd adults active 1500 - 1600 1500, 1550, 1600 1500 - 1775 adelgid 1700, 1750, 1800 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps nymph 7 - 91 50, 100 (dormant treatment) Cottony taxus scale Pulvinaria floccifera 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, crawler 802 - 1388 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400 Eastern pine shoot Eucosma gloriola 1st adults active 75 - 200 50, 100, 150, 200 N/A borer 1st adults active 25 - 100 50, 100 (control target) Eastern spruce gall egg hatch, galls begin Adelges abietis 250 - 310 250, 300, 350 22 - 170 50, 100, 150, 200 adelgid forming 2nd adults active 1500 - 1500, 1550, 1600 (control target) 1600 adult (dormant treatment) 7 - 120 50, 100 350, 400, 450, Elongate hemlock Fiorinia externa 360 - 700 500, 550, 600, scale crawler 650, 700 2515 - 2625 2500 egg hatch, 400, 450, 500, 400 - 575 35 - 120 50, 100, 150 1st generation 550, 600 500, 550, 600, 650, Euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi 533 - 820 egg hatch, 1900, 1950, 2000, 700, 750, 800, 850 1900 - 2050 2nd generation 2050 1150, 1200, 1250, 1150 - 1388 1300, 1350, 1400 50, 100, 150, 200, European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer 1st larvae 100 - 195 100, 150, 200 78 - 220 250 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 50, 100, 150, 1st larvae 50 - 220 34 - 121 50, 100, 150 200, 250 European pine Rhyacionia buoliana adults active 700 - 800 700, 750, 800 shoot moth 450, 500, 550, 600, 900, 950, 480 - 710 egg hatch 900 - 1000 650, 700, 750 1000 egg hatch, 1st larvae 145 - 200 150, 200 young caterpillars 450 450 100, 150, 200, 250, Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar 90 - 448 900, 950, 300, 350, 400, 450 1000, 1050, pupation 900 - 1200 1100, 1150, 1200 50, 100, 150, 200, Hemlock eriophyid N/A Nalepella tsugifolia 7 - 450 250, 300, 350, 400, (rust) mite 450 450, 500, 550, 600, Hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria N/A 448 - 707 650, 700 35 - 121 50, 100, 150 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, Hemlock scale Abgrallaspis ithacae N/A 1650, 1700, 1750, 1388 - 2154 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, 2000, 2050, 2100, 2150 400, 450, 500, Introduced pine sawfly Diprion similis 1st larvae 400 - 600 N/A 550, 600 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps young larvae feeding 300 - 350 300, 350 Jack pine budworm Choristoneura pinus pinus large larvae feeding- N/A 650 - 700 650, 700 defoliation apparent eggs; young larvae 100 - 200 100, 150, 200 Jack pine sawfly Neodiprion banksianae larger larvae 250, 300, 350, N/A 275 - 500 consuming needles 400, 450, 500 22 - 148 50, 100, 150 550, 600, 650, 750, 800, 850, 900, Juniper scale Carulaspis juniperi egg hatch 550 - 700 950, 1000, 1050, 700 707 - 1260 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250 1650, 1700, 1750, Juniper webworm Dichomeris marginella N/A 1645 - 1917 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950 350, 400, 450, 500, 363 - 618 550, 600, 650 Larch casebearer Coleophora laricella egg hatch 120 - 150 100, 150 2350, 2400, 2450, 2375 - 2805 2500 Larch sawfly Pristophora erichsonii N/A 192 - 299 150, 200, 250, 300 100, 150, 200, 250, 121 - 448 300, 350, 400, 450 Nantucket pine Rhyacionia frustrana N/A 1500, 1550, 1600, tip moth 1514 - 1917 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 1st adults active 25 - 100 50, 100 Northern pine weevil Pissodes nemorensis 1200, 1250, 1300, 7 - 192 50, 100, 150, 200 2nd adults active 1200 - 1400 1350, 1400 1st adults active 25 - 100 50, 100 Pales weevil Hylobius pales 1200, 1250, 7 - 121 50, 100, 150 2nd adults active 1200 - 1400 1300, 1350, 1400 22 - 58 50 50, 100, 150, 200, Pine bark adelgid Pineus strobi N/A 250, 300, 350, 400, 58 - 618 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 Pine engraver Ips sp. 1st adults active 100 - 150 100, 150 N/A 300, 350, 400, 450, Pine eriophyid mites Eriophyidae N/A 298 - 533 500, 550 450, 500, 550, 600, Pine needle miner Exoteleia pinifoliella N/A 448 - 802 650, 700, 750, 800 1st generation, 250, 300, 250 - 400 298 - 448 300, 350, 400, 450 egg hatch 350, 400 1st generation, 400, 450, hyaline stage 400 - 500 500 (control target) 1350, 1400, 1450, Pine needle scale Chionaspis pinifoliae 1500, 1550, 1600, 2nd generation, 1250, 1300, 1250 - 1350 1388 - 1917 1650, 1700, 1750, egg hatch 1350 1800, 1850, 1900, 2nd generation, 1950 hyaline stage 1500 1500 (control target) Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 1st adults active 300 - 350 300, 350 Pine root collar 600, 650, 700, 750, Hylobius radicis 618 - 912 weevil 1200, 1250, 800, 850, 900, 950 2nd adults active 1200 - 1400 1300, 1350, 1400 optimal control window 450 - 500 450, 500 Pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda new adults emerge, N/A 500 - 550 500, 550 begin shoot-feeding Aphrophora cribrata and Pine spittlebugs N/A 148 - 298 150, 200, 250, 300 Aphrophora saratogensis egg hatch begins, 400, 450, 400 - 500 58 - 148 50, 100, 150 1st crawlers 500 Pine tortoise scale Toumeyella parvicornis 1000, 1050, 600, 650, 700, 750, egg hatch ends, last 1000 - 1200 1100, 1150, 618 - 1050 800, 850, 900, 950, of the crawlers 1200 1000, 1050 91 - 246 100, 150, 200, 250 adults, egg laying, 100, 150, Pine tube moth Argyrotaenia pinatubana 90 - 250 1150, 1200, 1250, caterpillars 200, 250 1151 - 1514 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 1550 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, Pine webworm Tetralopha robustella N/A 802 - 2000 1450, 1500, 1550, 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, 2000 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 300, 350, 400, 450, Pitch twig moth Petrova comstockiana N/A 298 - 707 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 400, 450, Redheaded pine Neodiprion lecontei 1st larvae 400 - 600 500, 550, N/A sawfly 600 22 - 121 50, 100, 150 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, egg hatch, Spruce budscale Physokermes piceae 700 - 1150 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1st crawlers 1050, 1100, 1150 912 - 1388 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400 200, 250, Spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana 1st larvae 200 - 300 N/A 300 450, 500, 550, 600, Spruce needle miner Endothenia albolineane 1st larvae 150 - 200 150, 200 448 - 802 650, 700, 750, 800 7 - 121 50, 100, 150 200, 250, 300, 350, 192 - 363 400 Spruce spider mite Oligonychus ununguis 1st egg hatch 150 - 175 150, 200 2350, 2400, 2450, 2375 - 2806 2500 150, 200, 250, 300, 148 - 448 350, 400, 450 Taxus bud mite Cedidophyopsis psilaspis N/A 700, 750, 800, 850, 707 - 912 900, 950 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 7 - 91 50, 100 Taxus mealybug Dysmicoccus wistariae N/A 250, 300, 350, 400, 246 - 618 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 parent beetles Turpentine beetle Dendroctonus spp. colonizing brood 300 - 350 300, 350 N/A material 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, Twobanded Callirhopalus bifasciatus N/A 1644 - 2271 1950, 2000, 2050, Japanese weevil 2100, 2150, 2200, 2250, 2300 192 - 298 200, 250, 300 White-marked Orgyia leucostigma N/A 2150, 2200, 2250, tussock moth 2145 - 2516 2300, 2350, 2400, 2450, 2500 7 - 121 50, 100, 150 121 - 246 100, 150, 200, 250 White pine aphid Cinara strobi N/A 1900, 1950, 2000, 1917 - 2271 2050, 2100, 2150, 2200, 2250, 2300 50, 100, 1st adults active 25 - 220 150, 200, 250 White pine weevil Pissodes strobi 7 - 58 50 1200, 1250, 2nd adults active 1200 - 1400 1300, 1350, 1400 Insect Development & Behavior 1,2 Typical Treatment Window 2,3 Common Name Scientific Name Biological Event Range GDD Maps Range GDD Maps 1st larvae 25 - 100 50, 100 121 - 246 100, 150, 200, 250 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, Zimmerman pine 912 - 1917 Dioryctria zimmermani 1500, 1550, 1600, moth adult flight 1700 1700 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950 1900, 1950, 2000, 1917 - 2154 2050, 2100, 2150 1 “Growing Degree Day Information” Nathan W.